Spring MVC事务配置
要了解事务配置的所有方法，请看一下《Spring事务配置的5种方法》
本文介绍两种配置方法：
一、 XML，使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务
一、 Annotation方式
以下所使用环境为Spring4.0.3、Hibernate4.3.5
一、 XML，使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务
Entity类User.java，持久化类，对应数据库表user
package com.lei.demo.entity; import javax.persistence.*; @Entity(name="users") public class Users { public Users(){ super(); } @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) @Column(name="id") private Integer id; @Column(name="user_name",length=32) private String user_name; @Column(name="age") private Integer age; @Column(name="nice_name",length=32) private String nice_name; //属性实现...... }
UserDAO.javar，表user的一些操作，其中属性sessionFactory应该由Spring注入，如下：
package com.lei.demo.dao; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.lei.demo.entity.Users; public class UsersDAO { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public List<Users> getAllUser(){ String hsql="from users"; Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); Query query = session.createQuery(hsql); return query.list(); } }
UserService.java，业务实现类，如下
package com.lei.demo.service; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.lei.demo.dao.*; public class UserService { private UsersDAO userDao; public int userCount(){ return userDao.getAllUser().size(); } public UsersDAO getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } }
首先看一下xml配置，spring-hibernate.xml如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- Hibernate4 --> <!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息，必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载，即第一个加载--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 可以加多个包 --> <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> --> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 数据库映射 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" /> </bean> <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事务异常封装 --> <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" /> <!-- 声明式容器事务管理 ,transaction-manager指定事务管理器为transactionManager --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config expose-proxy="true"> <!-- 只对业务逻辑层实施事务 --> <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lei.demo.service..*.*(..))" /> <!-- Advisor定义，切入点和通知分别为txPointcut、txAdvice --> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="txPointcut" advice-ref="txAdvice"/> </aop:config> </beans>
其中主要配置中是tx:advice和aop:config两个配置节，以Spring AOP的方式实现事务管理。
tx:advice配置了事务的管理者是transactionManager，同时tx:method也规定了如果方法名匹配“add*”和“get*”方法时使用事务，propagation是设定事务的传播级别。除了“add*”和“get*”方法，其他的方法的事务是只读的（典型地，对于只执行查询的事务你会将该属性设为true，如果出现了更新、插入或是删除语句时只读事务就会失败）
aop:config指定了一个aop:pointcut去引用上边的advice。
这样就通过AOP的拦截机制实现了事务，当然你还要用Spring的方式自己配置UserDAO和UserService。
二、 Annotation方式
第一步，首先看一下web.xml，如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
第二步，spring-hibernate配置，见以下spring-hibernate.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- Hibernate4 --> <!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息，必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载，即第一个加载--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 可以加多个包 --> <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> --> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 数据库映射 --> <!-- class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource" --> <!-- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" /> </bean> <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事务异常封装 --> <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" /> </beans>
第一节中xml配置事务中需要通过配置tx:advice和aop:config来增加事务的功能。此处采用全注释方法，这两个配置节就不需要了。
相应的需要在视图解析配置中启用注释，如下lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- 启动自动扫描 该包下所有的Bean(@Controller) --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.demo" /> <!-- 基于注释的事务，当注释中发现@Transactional时，使用id为“transactionManager”的事务管理器 --> <!-- 如果没有设置transaction-manager的值，则spring以缺省默认的事务管理器来处理事务，默认事务管理器为第一个加载的事务管理器 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/user/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
UserDAO如下
package com.lei.demo.dao; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.lei.demo.entity.Users; @Repository public class UsersDAO { @Resource(name="sessionFactory") private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public List<Users> getAllUser(){ String hsql="from users"; Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); Query query = session.createQuery(hsql); return query.list(); } }
UserService.java如下
package com.lei.demo.service; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.lei.demo.dao.*; @Service("userService") public class UserService { @Resource private UsersDAO userDao; @Transactional public int userCount(){ return userDao.getAllUser().size(); } public UsersDAO getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } }
这里，方法名userCount上加入@Transactional，说明这个方法要启用事务。如果类名UserService上加入@Transactional，则表明这个类中的所有方法都会启用事务。
如果配有多个transactionManager，例如配置有transactionManager1,和transactionManager2，则可以通过@Transactional(“transactionManager1”)，的方式指定使用哪个数据源的事务。
源代码下载：
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