1.ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式(了解)
应用上下文对象通过new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“spring配置文件”)方式获取的,每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“spring配置文件”),需要配置文件加载多次,应用上下文对象创建多次。在Web项目中,可以使用ServletContextListener监听Web应用的启动,就可以在Web应用启动时,就加载Spring的配置文件,创建应用上下文对象,将其存储到最大的域servletContext域中,就可以在任意位置从域中获得应用上下文ApplicationContext对象。
Ⅰ.新建一个listener类
public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
ApplicationContext app=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//将Spring的应用上下文对象存储到Servlet域中
ServletContext servletContext=servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
System.out.println("spring容器创建完毕......");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
}
}
Ⅱ.web.xml中配置监听器
<listener>
<listener-class>com.itzhuo.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
Ⅲ.创建使用类
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
UserService userService=app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}
Ⅳ.启动tomcat服务器
2.Spring获取上下文的工具
Ⅰ.在wen.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener监听器(导入spring-web坐标)
pom.xml配置:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
web.xml配置:
<!-- 全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
Ⅱ.使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文对象ApplicationContext
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
WebApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
UserService userService=app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}