一、导出工具mongoexport
Mongodb中的mongoexport工具可以把一个collection导出成JSON格式或CSV格式的文件。可以通过参数指定导出的数据项,也可以根据指定的条件导出数据。mongoexport具体用法如下所示:
[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongoexport --help
Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files.
options:
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for
sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f
name,age
--fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line
-q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string
--csv export to csv instead of json
-o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used
--jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per
line
-k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default
true
参数说明:
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导出那些列
-o:指明到要导出的文件名
-q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
实例:test库中存在着一个students集合,集合中数据如下:
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031143350f2481577ea81e5"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 20, "name" : "kobe" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031144a50f2481577ea81e6"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 23, "name" : "nash" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031145a50f2481577ea81e7"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 18, "name" : "james" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031146a50f2481577ea81e8"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "wade" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031147450f2481577ea81e9"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "bosh" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031148650f2481577ea81ea"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 25, "name" : "allen" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5031149b50f2481577ea81eb"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 19, "name" : "howard" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("503114a750f2481577ea81ec"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 22, "name" : "paul" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("503114cd50f2481577ea81ed"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 24, "name" : "shane" }
由上可以看出文档中存在着3个字段:classid、age、name
1.直接导出数据到文件中
[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongoexport -d test -c students -o students.dat
connected to: 127.0.0.1
exported 9 records
命令执行完后使用ll命令查看,发现目录下生成了一个students.dat的文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 869 Aug 21 00:05 students.dat
查看该文件信息,具体信息如下:
[root@localhost mongodb]# cat students.dat
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031143350f2481577ea81e5" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 20, "name" : "kobe" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031144a50f2481577ea81e6" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 23, "name" : "nash" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031145a50f2481577ea81e7" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 18, "name" : "james" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031146a50f2481577ea81e8" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "wade" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031147450f2481577ea81e9" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "bosh" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031148650f2481577ea81ea" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 25, "name" : "allen" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031149b50f2481577ea81eb" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 19, "name" : "howard" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "503114a750f2481577ea81ec" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 22, "name" : "paul" }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "503114cd50f2481577ea81ed" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 24, "name" : "shane" }
参数说明:
-d:指明使用的库,本例中为test
-c:指明要导出的集合,本例中为students
-o:指明要导出的文件名,本例中为students.dat
从上面的结果可以看出,我们在导出数据时没有显示指定导出样式 ,默认导出了JSON格式的数据。如果我们需要导出CSV格式的数据,则需要使用--csv参数,具体如下所示: