初学C/C++,char, wchar_t, TCHAR, ACHAR, _T()这几个类型的差异和联系曾经让我很是头疼,在此做一下简单的归纳总结,希望能给各位刚入门的菜菜们一点帮助。
char :
单 字节变量类型,最多表示256个字符,在ANSI C中包括:26 lowercase letters, 26 uppercase letters, 10 digits, 32 symbols, 33 control codes, and a space, for a total of 128 codes.
wchar_t :
宽字节变量类型,用于表示Unicode字符,它实际定义 在<string.h>里:typedef unsigned short wchar_t。
定义宽字节类型方法如下:
wchar_t * p = L " Hello! " ;
wchar_t a[] = L " Hello! " ;
其中,宽字节类型每个变量占用2个字节,故上述数组a的sizeof(a) = 14。
TCHAR / _T( ) :
TCHAR.H provides a set of alternative names for the normal run-time library functions requiring string parameters (for example, _tprintf and _tcslen). These are sometimes referred to as "generic"function names because they can refer to either the Unicode or non-Unicode versions of the functions. TCHAR.H also solves the problem of the two character data types with a new data type named TCHAR.
如果在程序中既包括ANSI又包括Unicode编 码,需要包括头文件tchar.h。TCHAR是定义在该头文件中的宏,它视你是否定义了_UNICODE宏而定义成:
定义了 _UNICODE: typedef wchar_t TCHAR ;
没有定义_UNICODE: typedef char TCHAR ;
_T( )也是定义在该头文件中的宏,视是否定义了_UNICODE宏而定义成:
定义了 _UNICODE: #define _T(x) L##x
没有定义_UNICODE: #define _T(x) x
注 意:如果在程序中使用了TCHAR,那么就不应该使用ANSI的strXXX函数或者Unicode的wcsXXX函数了,而必须使用tchar.h中定 义的_tcsXXX函数。
以strcpy函数为例子,总结一下:
char szString[ 100 ];
strcpy(szString, " test " );
// 如果你想使用Unicode字符串,那么请使用这一套:
wchar_t szString[ 100 ];
wcscpy(szString,L " test " );
// 如果你想通过定义_UNICODE宏,而编译ANSI或者Unicode字符串代码:
TCHAR szString[ 100 ];
_tcscpy(szString,_TEXT( " test " ));
string / wstring :
string和wstring均定义在string头文件中,其中string类型变量中 每个单元为char型字符,wstring为wchar_t型字符。
定义方法如下:
string str("abcd");
wstring wstr(L"中国人");
各转换方法:
char * a = " abcde " ;
string str = a;
// string to char*
char * a = str.c_str();
// wchar_t* to wstring
wchar_t * b = L " abcde " ;
wstring wstr = b;
// wstring to wchar_t*
wchar_t * b = wstr.c_str();
// wstring to string
std:: string ws2s( const std::wstring & ws)
{
std:: string curLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
setlocale(LC_ALL, " chs " );
const wchar_t * _Source = ws.c_str();
size_t _Dsize = 2 * ws.size() + 1 ;
char * _Dest = new char [_Dsize];
memset(_Dest, 0 ,_Dsize);
wcstombs(_Dest,_Source,_Dsize);
std:: string result = _Dest;
delete []_Dest;
setlocale(LC_ALL, curLocale.c_str());
return result;
}
// string to wstring
std::wstring s2ws( const std:: string & s)
{
setlocale(LC_ALL, " chs " );
const char * _Source = s.c_str();
size_t _Dsize = s.size() + 1 ;
wchar_t * _Dest = new wchar_t[_Dsize];
wmemset(_Dest, 0 , _Dsize);
mbstowcs(_Dest,_Source,_Dsize);
std::wstring result = _Dest;
delete []_Dest;
setlocale(LC_ALL, " C " );
return result;
}