Java Try with Resources

资源是一个程序利用后必须关闭的对象。 例如，用于数据库连接的文件资源或JDBC资源或套接字连接资源。 在Java7之前，没有自动资源管理，我们应该在我们的工作完成后明确地关闭资源。 通常，它是在try-catch语句的finally块中完成的。 当我们忘记关闭资源时，这种方法会导致内存泄漏和性能问题。

before Java 7：

try{
    //open resources like File, Database connection, Sockets etc
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    // Exception handling like FileNotFoundException, IOException etc
}finally{
    // close resources
}

Java 7 try with resources implementation:

try(// open resources here){
    // use resources
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    // exception handling
}
// resources are closed as soon as try-catch block is executed.

接下来分别看看Java6和Java7的简单例子：

Java 6 ：

public class Java6ResourceManager {

    public static void main (String[] args) {
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("C:\\Users\\10944\\Desktop\\python.txt"));
            System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

Java 7：

public class Java7ResourceManager {

    public static void main (String[] args) {
        try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("C:\\Users\\10944\\Desktop\\python.txt"))) {
            System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

Java try with resources 的好处：

1. 代码的可读性更好，更易于编写代码
2. 自动化的资源管理
3. 代码的行数被减少
4. 不需要使用finally块来关闭资源
5. 我们可以通过在try-with-resources中使用分号来间隔多个资源，例子如下：

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
                "C:\\python.txt"));
                java.io.BufferedWriter writer = java.nio.file.Files.newBufferedWriter(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:\\journaldev.txt"), Charset.defaultCharset())) {
            System.out.println(br.readLine());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

7.当我们在try-with-resources中使用多个资源的时候，try-with-resources会在关闭时通过逆序的方式关闭，从而避免出现资源依赖的问题。

Java 7 介绍了一个新的接口：java.lang.AutoCloseable。任何资源在用于 try-with-resources 时，都需要实现这个接口，否则Java编译器会抛出编译问题。

以下是个简单的例子：

public class Java7ResourceManagement {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try (MyResource mr = new MyResource()) {
            System.out.println("MyResource created in try-with-resources");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Out of try-catch block.");
    }

    static class MyResource implements AutoCloseable{

        @Override
        public void close() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Closing MyResource");
        }

    }
}

上面的程序运行结果是：

MyResource created in try-with-resources
Closing MyResource
Out of try-catch block.

从上面的输出可以清晰的看出，只要try-catch模块完成，资源关闭的方法就会被调用。

Try with Resources Exceptions：

在异常的情况下，try-catch-finally 和 try-with-resources 是有不同的地方的。

如果一个异常在 try 块和 finally 块中被抛出，最终方法返回的将是在finally快块中抛出的异常。

而对 try-with-resources 而言，如果一个异常在 try 块和 try-with-resources 中被抛出，那么方法返回的将是在 try 中抛出的异常。

以下讲一个简单的例子：

public class Java7ResourceManagerDiff {

    public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception {
        try {
            tryWithResourceException();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        try {
            normalTryException();
        }catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }


    private static void normalTryException () throws Exception {
        MyResource myResource = null;
        try {
            myResource = new MyResource();
            System.out.println("MyResource created in block!");
            if (true) {
                throw new Exception("Exception in try block");
            }
        } finally {
            if (myResource != null) {
                myResource.close();
            }
        }
    }

    private static void tryWithResourceException () throws Exception{
        try (MyResource myResource = new MyResource()) {
            System.out.println("MyResource created in try-with block!");
            if (true) {
                throw new Exception("Exception in try block");
            }
        }
    }

    static class MyResource implements AutoCloseable {

        @Override
        public void close() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Closing MyResource!");
            throw new Exception("Exception in Closing");
        }
    }

}

上面的输出是：

MyResource created in try-with block!
Closing MyResource!
Exception in try block
MyResource created in block!
Closing MyResource!
Exception in Closing

原文：
https://www.journaldev.com/592/java-try-with-resources