安装版本及依赖下载链接 (也可官网自行下载最新版本):
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1r707nRg4AqXAijdXK1r6kA
提取码:iosm
1.基础环境
操作系统:Oracle Linux Server 7.6 x86_64
数据库版本:Oracle19c版本
创建数据库:orcl # 后续配置文件与此处的实例名保持一致
字符集:ZHS16GBK
数据块大小:8k
内存分配:3G以上
磁盘: 50G
IP分配:192.168.10.10
主机名:oracle01
2.环境准备
配置hosts:
echo "192.168.10.10 oracle01" >> /etc/hosts
关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
准备安装目录:
mkdir /opt/oracle
3.配置阿里云yum源
1、备份:
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3、添加EPEL:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
4、清理缓存并生成新的缓存:
yum clean all
yum makecache
### Oracle Linux 7.6 生成本地缓存会报错,执行以下命令重新 yum makecache 即可:
echo "7" > /etc/yum/vars/releasever
4.安装依赖
yum install -y bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 dtrace-utils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libdtrace-ctf-devel libXrender libXrender-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc librdmacm-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make net-tools nfs-utils python python-configshell python-rtslib python-six targetcli smartmontools sysstat unixODBC
若是Oracle Linux, yum源配置正确, 19c核心依赖可直接yum安装(否则使用rpm离线包)
例如:
[root@oracle01 ~]# yum install oracle-database-preinstall-19c
BDB2053 Freeing read locks for locker 0xdb5: 19887/140108656265024
BDB2053 Freeing read locks for locker 0xdb7: 19887/140108656265024
已加载插件:langpacks, ulninfo
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
ol7_UEKR5 | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
ol7_latest | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
软件包 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
rpm方式安装(依赖包在下载链接中)
rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
5.修改目录权限
修改oracle用户密码:
passwd oracle
手工目录授权:
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle
6.安装oracle-database-servrer
rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
# 执行安装成功会出现需要root执行的脚本;
# 如果不使用默认配置,继续下一步
7.修改配置文件(使用默认配置则跳过此步骤)
准备配置文件:
cp /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_orcl-19c.conf
vim /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_orcl-19c.conf
cp /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c /etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c
vim /etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c
替换:
:%s/ORCLCDB/orcl/g
:%s/ORCLPDB1/orcl/g
按需修改以下内容后保存退出:
# Setting the required environment variables
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_VERSION=19c
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc
export CHARSET=ZHS16GBK
export PDB_NAME=orcl
export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER
export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=1
export CREATE_AS_CDB=false
8.创建数据库
(内存如果分配过少此步骤执行时间会较长)
/etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c configure
9.测试停止、启动
/etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c
Usage: /etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c {start|stop|restart|configure}
# /etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c stop
# /etc/init.d/oracledb_orcl-19c start
10.环境变量配置
切换用户
su - oracle
添加环境变量
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile
使环境变量生效
source ~/.bash_profile
查看
env |grep ORACLE
11.Oracle数据库启停
数据库停止:
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
exit;
关闭监听:
lsnrctl stop
数据库启动
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup;
exit;
启动监听:
lsnrctl start
12.其他
查看日志路径:
select * from v$diag_info;
查看数据文件路径:
select name from v$datafile;
查看数据库当前状态:
select open_mode from v$database;