[leetcode] 225. Implement Stack using Queues

Description

Implement the following operations of a stack using queues.

push(x) – Push element x onto stack.
pop() – Removes the element on top of the stack.
top() – Get the top element.
empty() – Return whether the stack is empty.
Example:

MyStack stack = new MyStack();

stack.push(1);
stack.push(2);  
stack.top();   // returns 2
stack.pop();   // returns 2
stack.empty(); // returns false

Notes:

• You must use only standard operations of a queue – which means only push to back, peek/pop from front, size, and is empty operations are valid.
• Depending on your language, queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a queue.
• You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or top operations will be called on an empty stack).

分析

题目的意思是：用队列实现栈的操作。

• 队列是先进先出，而栈是先进后出。
• 每次把新加入的数插到前头，这样队列保存的顺序和栈的顺序是相反的，它们的取出方式也是反的，那么反反得正，就是我们需要的顺序了。
• 我们需要一个辅助队列tmp，把s的元素也逆着顺序存入tmp中，此时加入新元素x，再把tmp中的元素存回来，这样就是我们要的顺序了，其他三个操作也就直接调用队列的操作即可，

代码

class MyStack {
private:
    queue<int> q1;
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MyStack() {
        
    }
    
    /** Push element x onto stack. */
    void push(int x) {
        queue<int> tmp;
        while(!q1.empty()){
            tmp.push(q1.front());
            q1.pop();
        }
        q1.push(x);
        while(!tmp.empty()){
            q1.push(tmp.front());
            tmp.pop();
        }
    }
    
    /** Removes the element on top of the stack and returns that element. */
    int pop() {
        int t=top();
        q1.pop();
        return t;
    }
    
    /** Get the top element. */
    int top() {
        return q1.front();
    }
    
    /** Returns whether the stack is empty. */
    bool empty() {
        return q1.empty();
    }
};

/**
 * Your MyStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyStack obj = new MyStack();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.top();
 * bool param_4 = obj.empty();
 */

参考文献

[LeetCode] Implement Stack using Queues 用队列来实现栈