LINUX下用TAR方式安装MYSQL方法步骤

1.安装环境
操作系统：Red Hat Linux Enterprise AS 4.0
数据库：MySQL 6.0.6
Web服务器：Apache 2.2.9
脚本语言：PHP 5.2.6

2.安装MySQL 6.0.6

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-6.0.6-alpha.tar.gz
# cd mysql-6.0.6-alpha
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
# make
# make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql .
# chgrp -R mysql .
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql var
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

详解如下：

1）建立相应目录和组：
# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql                  //useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql name

2）开始安装mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-6.0.6-alpha.tar.gz                            //解压缩

# cd mysql-6.0.6-alpha                          //进入解压后的文件目录

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \                     //设定安装目录
--enable-thread-safe-client \                                     //编译线程安全版的客户端库
--without-debug \                                                      //关闭debug功能
--with-extra-charsets=gb2312 \                         //添加gb2312中文字符支持
--enable-assembler \                                                       //使用一些字符函数的汇编版本
--with-raid \                                                                       //激活raid支持

# make                            //编译

# make install                            //安装

3）copy配置文件
有large，medium，small三个环境下的，根据机器性能选择，如果负荷比较大，可修改里面的一些变量的内存使用值
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf                  //复制配置文件

4）更改目录权限和组
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql .
# chgrp -R mysql .

5）建立数据库和表
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql                            //初始化授权

注：如果报以下错误
Installing MySQL system tables...
[ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown option '--skip-federated'
[ERROR] Aborting
[Note] /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete
只要将/etc/my.cnf文件中的skip-federated注释掉即可

6）再次更改目录权限和组
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql var

7）启动MySQL服务
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &                               
//启动MySQL(The & character tells the operating system to run MySQL in the background;
//it is ignored by MySQL itself.
//如果报错，注意及时查看/usr/local/mysql/var/下的日志文件)

8）设置MySQL启动服务
# cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld                                                 //在自动启动列表里添加mysqld
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

9）修改MySQL密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'                //修改密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'new-password'
// 将localhost替换成你的主机域名，比如：zhaorg.csu.edu.cn

10）登录mysql数据库：

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18 to server version: 5.0.19-log
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use mysql;
mysql>delete from user where password="";                  //删除用于本机匿名连接的空密码帐号
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>quit

      （或者，也可运行如下命令（Alternatively you can run)：
          # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
          //which will also give you the option of removing the test
          //databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
          //strongly recommended for production servers.）

11）关闭MySQL服务

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p new-password shutdown          //关闭MySQL

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                                                          // 件所处的位置和文件名， 

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                                                         //看到mysql.sock
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