浅析MySQL基于ROW格式的二进制日志

浅析MySQL基于ROW格式的二进制日志

 

 

上文分析的二进制日志实际上是基于STATEMENT格式的,下面我们来看看基于ROW格式的二进制日志,毕竟,两者对应的binlog事件类型也不一样,同时,很多童鞋反映基于ROW格式的二进制日志无法查到原生的DML语句,关于这个问题,其实官方也给出了解决方案,下面,将一一揭晓。

 

首先,来几条测试数据

mysql> set binlog_format=row;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> flush logs;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test.t1 values(1,'a');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> use testDatabase changed

mysql> insert into t1 values(2,'b');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> update t1 set name='c' where id=2;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> delete from t1 where id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

首先通过SHOW BINLOG EVENTS查看二进制日志中的内容

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000025';

+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                  |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+| mysql-bin.000025 |   4 | Format_desc |         1 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.31-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000025 | 120 | Query       |         1 |         188 | BEGIN                                 || mysql-bin.000025 | 188 | Table_map   |         1 |         236 | table_id: 79 (test.t1)                || mysql-bin.000025 | 236 | Write_rows  |         1 |         278 | table_id: 79 flags: STMT_END_F        || mysql-bin.000025 | 278 | Xid         |         1 |         309 | COMMIT /* xid=175 */                  || mysql-bin.000025 | 309 | Query       |         1 |         381 | BEGIN                                 || mysql-bin.000025 | 381 | Table_map   |         1 |         429 | table_id: 79 (test.t1)                || mysql-bin.000025 | 429 | Write_rows  |         1 |         471 | table_id: 79 flags: STMT_END_F        || mysql-bin.000025 | 471 | Xid         |         1 |         502 | COMMIT /* xid=183 */                  || mysql-bin.000025 | 502 | Query       |         1 |         574 | BEGIN                                 || mysql-bin.000025 | 574 | Table_map   |         1 |         622 | table_id: 79 (test.t1)                || mysql-bin.000025 | 622 | Update_rows |         1 |         672 | table_id: 79 flags: STMT_END_F        || mysql-bin.000025 | 672 | Xid         |         1 |         703 | COMMIT /* xid=184 */                  || mysql-bin.000025 | 703 | Query       |         1 |         775 | BEGIN                                 || mysql-bin.000025 | 775 | Table_map   |         1 |         823 | table_id: 79 (test.t1)                || mysql-bin.000025 | 823 | Delete_rows |         1 |         865 | table_id: 79 flags: STMT_END_F        || mysql-bin.000025 | 865 | Xid         |         1 |         896 | COMMIT /* xid=185 */                  |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+17 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

再来通过mysqlbinlog查看

# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000025

/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

# at 4

#160817 10:20:16 server id 1  end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x5b15ac4f     Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.31-log created 160817 10:20:16

# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.

BINLOG '4MmzVw8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjMxLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAU+s

FVs='/*!*/;

# at 120

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 188 CRC32 0x005847f0     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400422/*!*/;

SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=12/*!*/;

SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;

SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;

SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;

SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;

SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;

SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 188

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 236 CRC32 0x2b8d2069     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 236

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 278 CRC32 0xadc98fbc     Write_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

 

BINLOG '5smzVxMBAAAAMAAAAOwAAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwIeAANpII0r

5smzVx4BAAAAKgAAABYBAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEAAgAC//wBAAAAAWG8j8mt'/*!*/;

# at 278

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 309 CRC32 0x552dc682     Xid = 175

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 309

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 381 CRC32 0x17d8173e     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400434/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 381

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 429 CRC32 0x71a27e19     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 429

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 471 CRC32 0xefda98ca     Write_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

 

BINLOG '8smzVxMBAAAAMAAAAK0BAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwIeAAMZfqJx

8smzVx4BAAAAKgAAANcBAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEAAgAC//wCAAAAAWLKmNrv'/*!*/;

# at 471

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 502 CRC32 0x7bed11c4     Xid = 183

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 502

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 574 CRC32 0xd164b750     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400438/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 574

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 622 CRC32 0x9fa3cabc     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 622

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 672 CRC32 0xb1646398     Update_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

 

BINLOG '9smzVxMBAAAAMAAAAG4CAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwIeAAO8yqOf

9smzVx8BAAAAMgAAAKACAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEAAgAC///8AgAAAAFi/AIAAAABY5hjZLE='/*!*/;

# at 672

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 703 CRC32 0x91a90c52     Xid = 184

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 703

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 775 CRC32 0x5ae24c0b     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400443/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 775

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 823 CRC32 0x33c52e84     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 823

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 865 CRC32 0x77e907a2     Delete_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

 

BINLOG '+8mzVxMBAAAAMAAAADcDAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwIeAAOELsUz+8mzVyABAAAAKgAAAGEDAAAAAE8AAAAAAAEAAgAC//wBAAAAAWGiB+l3'/*!*/;

# at 865

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 896 CRC32 0xb0988385     Xid = 185

COMMIT/*!*/;

DELIMITER ;

# End of log file

ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

 

额,what is this,竟然没看到一条明文的DML语句

实际上,对于ROW格式的二进制日志,需要使用如下方式查看,这也是STATEMENT和ROW格式的差异之一

# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000025 -vv --base64-output=decode-rows

/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

# at 4

#160817 10:20:16 server id 1  end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x5b15ac4f     Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.31-log created 160817 10:20:16

# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.

# at 120

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 188 CRC32 0x005847f0     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400422/*!*/;

SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=12/*!*/;

SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;

SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;

SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;

SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;

SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;

SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 188

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 236 CRC32 0x2b8d2069     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 236

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 278 CRC32 0xadc98fbc     Write_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`

### SET

###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

###   @2='a' /* VARSTRING(30) meta=30 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

# at 278

#160817 10:20:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 309 CRC32 0x552dc682     Xid = 175

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 309

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 381 CRC32 0x17d8173e     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400434/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 381

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 429 CRC32 0x71a27e19     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 429

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 471 CRC32 0xefda98ca     Write_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`

### SET

###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

###   @2='b' /* VARSTRING(30) meta=30 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

# at 471

#160817 10:20:34 server id 1  end_log_pos 502 CRC32 0x7bed11c4     Xid = 183

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 502

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 574 CRC32 0xd164b750     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400438/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 574

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 622 CRC32 0x9fa3cabc     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 622

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 672 CRC32 0xb1646398     Update_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

### UPDATE `test`.`t1`

### WHERE

###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

###   @2='b' /* VARSTRING(30) meta=30 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

### SET

###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

###   @2='c' /* VARSTRING(30) meta=30 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

# at 672

#160817 10:20:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 703 CRC32 0x91a90c52     Xid = 184

COMMIT/*!*/;

# at 703

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 775 CRC32 0x5ae24c0b     Query    thread_id=12    exec_time=0    error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1471400443/*!*/;

BEGIN/*!*/;

# at 775

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 823 CRC32 0x33c52e84     Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 79

# at 823

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 865 CRC32 0x77e907a2     Delete_rows: table id 79 flags: STMT_END_F

### DELETE FROM `test`.`t1`

### WHERE

###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

###   @2='a' /* VARSTRING(30) meta=30 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

# at 865

#160817 10:20:43 server id 1  end_log_pos 896 CRC32 0xb0988385     Xid = 185

COMMIT/*!*/;

DELIMITER ;

# End of log file

ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

 

对于STATEMENT格式的binlog,所有的DML操作都记录在QUERY_EVENT中,而对于ROW格式的binlog,所有的DML操作都记录在ROWS_EVENT中,ROWS_EVENT分为三种:WRITE_ROWS_EVENT,UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT,DELETE_ROWS_EVENT,分别对应insert,update和delete操作。

对于insert操作,WRITE_ROWS_EVENT包含了要插入的数据

对于update操作,UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT不仅包含了修改后的数据,还包含了修改前的值。

对于delete操作,仅仅需要指定删除的主键(在没有主键的情况下,会给定所有列)

 

事实上,在ROW格式的binlog文件中, 每个ROWS_EVENT事件前都会有一个TABLE_MAP_EVENT,用于描述表的内部id和结构定义。

即便上述两个insert操作,一个没有执行use test操作,都不影响TABLE_MAP_EVENT的内容,这也会导致基于ROW格式下的库级别的复制和基于STATEMENT格式下库级别的复制的复制规则不一致。

 

如何在ROW格式中输出原生的DML语句?

MySQL实际上提供了一个参数,可以用于输出原生的DML语句,但是该语句仅仅是其注释的作用,并不会被应用。

如下所示,

mysql> flush logs;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> set binlog_rows_query_log_events=1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into t1 values(3,'c');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

对应的二进制的内容如下:

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000026';+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                  |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+| mysql-bin.000026 |   4 | Format_desc |         1 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.31-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000026 | 120 | Query       |         1 |         192 | BEGIN                                 || mysql-bin.000026 | 192 | Rows_query  |         1 |         244 | # insert into t1 values(3,'c')        || mysql-bin.000026 | 244 | Table_map   |         1 |         292 | table_id: 79 (test.t1)                || mysql-bin.000026 | 292 | Write_rows  |         1 |         334 | table_id: 79 flags: STMT_END_F        || mysql-bin.000026 | 334 | Xid         |         1 |         365 | COMMIT /* xid=189 */                  |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

实际上,MySQL新增了一个事务类型来输出ROW格式中原生的DML语句,即ROWS_QUERY_EVENT。

 

自此以后,再也不用顾虑ROW格式的二进制日志中无法查看原生的DML语句了。

 

参考

1. MariaDB原理与实现

 

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