Oracle的监听服务配置listener.ora的动态注册和静态注册

Oracle数据库实例（instance）启动后，必须在监听服务（listener）注册才能被客户端连接，而注册有2种方式，动态注册和静态注册。

查看监听进程：

[oracle@homeoracle ~]$ ps -ef | grep tns
oracle 10473 1 0 May14 ? 00:00:18 /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 22822 22795 0 22:14 pts/3 00:00:00 grep tns

所谓的动态注册，就是由实例的SMON进程向监听器注册的，该进程负责告知监听器数据库的服务名和实例名（二者可以不同），一般我们的实例都是动态注册，尤其是在RAC环境下，以下是典型的动态注册配置文件：

[oracle@homeoracle admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = homeoracle)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

动态注册的情况下，服务的状态主要是以下2种：

BLOCKED:表示此实例不能接受客户端连接，只能通过本机访问。
READY:表示此实例可接受连接

一个典型的结果如下所示：

[oracle@homeoracle admin]$ lsnrctl stat

Services Summary...
Service "IntranetOracle" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdcIntranet", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "IntranetOracle_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdcIntranet", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdcIntranetXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdcIntranet", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

而静态注册则是监听启动的时候从listener.ora配置文件读取静态配置信息：

[oracle@homeoracle admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = IntranetOracle)
(ORACLE_HOME = /db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = cdcIntranet)
)
)
)

此时服务一般是UNKNOWN状态，表示此实例在listener.ora文件中注册而不是通过动态服务注册，因而不知道其状态。

在ASM环境下，一般状态如下：

Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED

因为ASM实例一般是不需从别的客户端连接的，所以为BLOCKED状态，当然，也可以通过修改listener.ora文件，通过静态注册ASM实例。

 

From http://www.banping.com/2009/05/15/oracle_listener/