我们首先点进@SpringBootApplication会看到以下代码,接下来我们逐一来解析重要的注解。
//作用目标
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
//注解的生命周期
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//生成文档时记录
@Documented
//实现类不会继承这个注解
@Inherited
//重要
@SpringBootConfiguration
//重要
@EnableAutoConfiguration
//重要
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class})}
@SpringBootConfiguration
这个注解点进去我们发现
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
@Indexed
重要的注解只有@Configuration,我们大家再来复习想一下@Configuration的作用。
3............2.................1................,好了,想不到的不想了。
简单来说它就代表当前类是配置类,类比可以把它看做一个配置xml,看不懂的同学需要再去复习一下spring了。
@ComponentScan
spring的注解,指定扫描哪些包下,这个也没什么可说的。
重中之重@EnableAutoConfiguration
前置知识点:
@Import可以把类交给容器管理,给容器中导入组件
这里可是有自动配置的精华,敲黑板。我们点进来看
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
我们可以很清晰的看出,重要的部分就是@AutoConfigurationPackage和@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})。
@AutoConfigurationPackage
我们点进来看
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
//重要
@Import({Registrar.class})
我们点入Registrar看一下
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (String[])(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata)).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
}
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.singleton(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata));
}
}
在这里它开始在registerBeanDefinitions方法中批量注册一系列组件。我们来看它是如何实现的。首先是参数metadata,它代表的是注解元数据即作用到哪个类的元数据。很明显,我们这个注解最终融入到@SpringBootApplication,metadata即代表了启动类的元数据。我们来看
(String[])(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata)).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0])
很明显就是拿到启动类所在的包路径。然后将其包下的所有组件导入。
总的来说这个注解指定了默认包规则。
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
我们依旧点进来看,看他们所说的核心方法(为啥是核心方法,自己琢磨去吧)
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
//核心方法
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
//拿到autoConfigurationEntry返回所有的配置
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
ps:你是不是有selectImports方法什么时候会执行的疑惑?摘自网友
org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法,在解析@Configuration时,调用org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse方法,最终就走到了org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser#processImports方法,
好,我们来点进去看一下核心方法。
protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
//我们可以看出以下都是对configurations做出操作,所以断定获取configurations方法是核心方法
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}
点入getCandidateConfigurations方法
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
继续点入loadFactoryNames方法
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
if (classLoader == null) {
classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
}
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
点入return的loadSpringFactories方法
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
Map<String, List<String>> result = (Map)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
HashMap result = new HashMap();
try {
Enumeration urls = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
String[] var10 = factoryImplementationNames;
int var11 = factoryImplementationNames.length;
for(int var12 = 0; var12 < var11; ++var12) {
String factoryImplementationName = var10[var12];
((List)result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, (key) -> {
return new ArrayList();
})).add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> {
return (List)implementations.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList));
});
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var14) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var14);
}
}
}
我们很清楚的看到默认扫描系统中所有"META-INF/spring.factories"位置的文件(核心是spring-boot-autoconfigure这个包),springboot默认将这些全部加载,但是最终会按需配置,如何按需配置,我们就要感谢以@Conditional开头的注解如:@ConditionalOnClass、@ConditionalOnMissingBean、@Conditional等
以上就是大致流程,如有错误请指出。