前言
前一章我给大家介绍了iOS与HTML5的交互,用的是UIWebView,今天给大家介绍另外一种基于 iOS 8 新推出的 WKWebView 组件,构建出自己的混合开发框架。
WKWebView 简介
WKWebView 是苹果在 iOS 8 中引入的新组件,目的是给出一个新的高性能的 Web View 解决方案,摆脱过去 UIWebView 的老旧笨重特别是内存占用量巨大的问题。
苹果将 UIWebViewDelegate 与 UIWebView 重构成了 14 个类和 3 个协议,引入了不少新的功能和接口,这可以在一定程度上看做苹果对其封锁 Web View 内核的行为作出的补偿:既然你们都说 UIWebView 太渣,那我就造一个不渣的给你们用呗~~ 众所周知,连 Chrome 的 iOS 版用的也是 UIWebView 的内核。
WKWebView 有哪些进步呢?
1.将浏览器内核渲染进程提取出 App,由系统进行统一管理,这减少了相当一部分的性能损失。
2.js 可以直接使用已经事先注入 js runtime 的 js 接口给 Native 层传值,不必再通过苦逼的 iframe 制造页面刷新再解析自定义协议的奇怪方式。
3.支持高达 60 fps 的滚动刷新率,内置了手势探测。
WKWebView API介绍
WKWebView的头文件声明
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) WKWebViewConfiguration *configuration;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id <WKNavigationDelegate> navigationDelegate;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id <WKUIDelegate> UIDelegate;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardList *backForwardList;
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame configuration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_UNAVAILABLE;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadFileURL:(NSURL *)URL allowingReadAccessToURL:(NSURL *)readAccessURL NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadHTMLString:(NSString *)string baseURL:(nullable NSURL *)baseURL;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadData:(NSData *)data MIMEType:(NSString *)MIMEType characterEncodingName:(NSString *)characterEncodingName baseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goToBackForwardListItem:(WKBackForwardListItem *)item;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURL *URL;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isLoading) BOOL loading;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) double estimatedProgress;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL hasOnlySecureContent;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray *certificateChain NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoBack;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoForward;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goBack;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goForward;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)reload;
- (nullable WKNavigation *)reloadFromOrigin;
- (void)stopLoading;
- (void)evaluateJavaScript:(NSString *)javaScriptString completionHandler:(void (^ __nullable)(__nullable id, NSError * __nullable error))completionHandler;
@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *customUserAgent NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsLinkPreview NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
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WKWebViewConfiguration配置
WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];
WKPreferences偏好设置
// 设置偏好设置
config.preferences = [[WKPreferences alloc] init]
// 默认为0
config.preferences.minimumFontSize = 10
// 默认认为YES
config.preferences.javaScriptEnabled = YES
// 在iOS上默认为NO,表示不能自动通过窗口打开
config.preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = NO
WKProcessPool内容处理池
WKProcessPool并没有公开任何的属性或者方法,不需要配置:
config.processPool = [[WKProcessPool alloc] init];
WKUserContentController内容交互控制器
我们要通过JS与webview内容交互,就需要到这个类了,它的所有属性及方法说明如下:
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<WKUserScript *> *userScripts;
- (void)addUserScript:(WKUserScript *)userScript;
- (void)removeAllUserScripts;
- (void)addScriptMessageHandler:(id <WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptMessageHandler name:(NSString *)name;
- (void)removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:(NSString *)name;
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WKUserScript
在WKUserContentController中,所有使用到WKUserScript。WKUserContentController是用于与JS交互的类,而所注入的JS是WKUserScript对象。它的所有属性和方法如下:
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *source;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) WKUserScriptInjectionTime injectionTime;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isForMainFrameOnly) BOOL forMainFrameOnly;
- (instancetype)initWithSource:(NSString *)source injectionTime:(WKUserScriptInjectionTime)injectionTime forMainFrameOnly:(BOOL)forMainFrameOnly;
WKUserScriptInjectionTime
它是一个枚举类型,只有在文档开始加载时注入和加载结束时注入。
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, WKUserScriptInjectionTime) {
WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart,
WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentEnd
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
WKWebsiteDataStore存储的Web内容
iOS9.0以后才能使用这个类。它是代表webview不同的数据类型,包括cookies、disk、memory caches、WebSQL、IndexedDB数据库和本地存储。
从这里看,要优化Webview好像可以通过它来实现,不过要求iOS9.0以上才能使用。现在6.0都没有抛弃的我,从来不能考虑这种最新的。
WKProcessPool并没有公开任何的属性或者方法,不需要配置:
+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)defaultDataStore;
+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)nonPersistentDataStore;
- (instancetype)init NS_UNAVAILABLE;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isPersistent) BOOL persistent;
+ (NSSet<NSString *> *)allWebsiteDataTypes;
- (void)fetchDataRecordsOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)dataTypes completionHandler:(void (^)(NSArray<WKWebsiteDataRecord *> *))completionHandler;
- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)dataTypes forDataRecords:(NSArray<WKWebsiteDataRecord *> *)dataRecords completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)websiteDataTypes modifiedSince:(NSDate *)date completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
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所有的dataTypes是下面这些系统所定义的:
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeDiskCache NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeMemoryCache NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeOfflineWebApplicationCache NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeCookies NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeSessionStorage NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeLocalStorage NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeWebSQLDatabases NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WK_EXTERN NSString * const WKWebsiteDataTypeIndexedDBDatabases NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
WKWebsiteDataRecord
iOS9.0以后才可用。
website的数据存储记录类型,它只有两个属性:
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *displayName;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSSet<NSString *> *dataTypes;
WKSelectionGranularity选择粒度
它表示在webview上选择内容的粒度,只有下面这两种类型:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, WKSelectionGranularity) {
WKSelectionGranularityDynamic,
WKSelectionGranularityCharacter,
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);
它是用于webview内容交互时选择内容的粒度类型设置。比如说,当使用WKSelectionGranularityDynamic时,而所选择的内容是单个块,这时候granularity可能会是单个字符;当所选择的web内容不限制于某个块时,granularity可能会是单个块。
WKNavigationDelegate
@protocol WKNavigationDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
// 决定导航的动作,通常用于处理跨域的链接能否导航。WebKit对跨域进行了安全检查限制,不允许跨域,因此我们要对不能跨域的链接
// 单独处理。但是,对于Safari是允许跨域的,不用这么处理。
// 这个是决定是否Request
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler;
// 决定是否接收响应
// 这个是决定是否接收response
// 要获取response,通过WKNavigationResponse对象获取
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler;
// 当main frame的导航开始请求时,会调用此方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 当main frame接收到服务重定向时,会回调此方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 当main frame开始加载数据失败时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error;
// 当main frame的web内容开始到达时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 当main frame导航完成时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 当main frame最后下载数据失败时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error;
// 这与用于授权验证的API,与AFN、UIWebView的授权验证API是一样的
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential *__nullable credential))completionHandler;
// 当web content处理完成时,会回调
- (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
@end
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WKNavigationActionPolicy
导航动作决定策略:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, WKNavigationActionPolicy) {
WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel,
WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow,
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
它是枚举类型,只有Cancel和Allow这两种。设置为Cancel就是不允许导航,就不会跳转链接。
WKNavigationResponse
WKNavigationResponse是导航响应类,通过它可以获取相关响应的信息:
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0)
@interface WKNavigationResponse : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isForMainFrame) BOOL forMainFrame;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURLResponse *response;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canShowMIMEType;
@end
只有接收响应与不接收响应两种。
WKNavigationAction
WKNavigationAction对象包含关于导航的action的信息,用于make policy decisions。它只有以下几个属性:
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) WKFrameInfo *sourceFrame;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) WKFrameInfo *targetFrame;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) WKNavigationType navigationType;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURLRequest *request;
WKNavigationType
WKNavigationType类型是枚举类型,它的可选值如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, WKNavigationType) {
WKNavigationTypeLinkActivated,
WKNavigationTypeFormSubmitted,
WKNavigationTypeBackForward,
WKNavigationTypeReload,
WKNavigationTypeFormResubmitted,
WKNavigationTypeOther = -1,
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
WKUIDelegate
@protocol WKUIDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
// 创建新的webview
// 可以指定配置对象、导航动作对象、window特性
- (nullable WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures;
// webview关闭时回调
- (void)webViewDidClose:(WKWebView *)webView NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
// 调用JS的alert()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
// 调用JS的confirm()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler;
// 调用JS的prompt()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler;
@end
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WKBackForwardList
WKBackForwardList表示webview中可以前进或者后退的页面列表。其声明如下:
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0)
@interface WKBackForwardList : NSObject
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *currentItem;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *backItem;
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *forwardItem;
- (nullable WKBackForwardListItem *)itemAtIndex:(NSInteger)index;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<WKBackForwardListItem *> *backList;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray *forwardList;
@end
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WKBackForwardListItem
页面导航前进、后退列表项:
@interface WKBackForwardListItem : NSObject
@property (readonly, copy) NSURL *URL;
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
@property (readonly, copy) NSURL *initialURL;
@end
结束
这样这个框架基本介绍完了,实战下一篇会给大家着重介绍如何使用