FreeRtos heap5源码分析

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heap5 与heap4 比较相似，也是实现了malloc和free，同时也可以进行碎片合并。有的区别是heap5 可以有多个堆区，static void prvHeapInit( void ) 被换成void vPortDefineHeapRegions( const HeapRegion_t * const pxHeapRegions )这个函数。结构体HeapRegion_t（portable.h）如下：

const HeapRegion_t * const pxHeapRegions   结构体如下定义（portable.h）：

/* Used by heap_5.c. */
typedef struct HeapRegion
{
uint8_t *pucStartAddress;
size_t xSizeInBytes;
} HeapRegion_t;

该函数前面有一段注释大概意思是：vPortDefineHeapRegions 一定要在使用pvPortMalloc之前使用，进行初始化栈区。创建任务，信号量，互斥锁，软件定时器，事件组等都调用pvPortMalloc。所以这个需要注意。

vPortDefineHeapRegions 函数的参数是一个结构体数组，数组的地址指针，必须从小到大排序，并且以空指针和0字节结尾

void vPortDefineHeapRegions( const HeapRegion_t * const pxHeapRegions )
{

BlockLink_t *pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion = NULL, *pxPreviousFreeBlock;

uint8_t *pucAlignedHeap;

size_t xTotalRegionSize, xTotalHeapSize = 0;

BaseType_t xDefinedRegions = 0;

uint32_t ulAddress;

const HeapRegion_t *pxHeapRegion;

/* Can only call once! */

configASSERT( pxEnd == NULL );

//取数组的第一个元素

pxHeapRegion = &( pxHeapRegions[ xDefinedRegions ] );
while( pxHeapRegion->xSizeInBytes > 0 )
{//xSizeInBytes 以 0 字节结尾

xTotalRegionSize = pxHeapRegion->xSizeInBytes;

/* Ensure the heap region starts on a correctly aligned boundary. */

ulAddress = ( uint32_t ) pxHeapRegion->pucStartAddress;

if( ( ulAddress & portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) != 0 )

{

ulAddress += ( portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - 1 );

ulAddress &= ~portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK;

/* 调整字节对齐 */

xTotalRegionSize -= ulAddress - ( uint32_t ) pxHeapRegion->pucStartAddress;

}

pucAlignedHeap = ( uint8_t * ) ulAddress;

/* Set xStart if it has not already been set. */

if( xDefinedRegions == 0 )

{//当是数据的第一个元素，是初始化链表的头指针，注意xStart是个结构体，结构体的pxNextFreeBlock 指针指向了pucAlignedHeap，即堆区的基地址，基地址存了什么呢？pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion 结构体，定义了heap的大小，以及下一个heap的地址

xStart.pxNextFreeBlock = ( BlockLink_t * ) pucAlignedHeap;

xStart.xBlockSize = ( size_t ) 0;

}

else

{

configASSERT( pxEnd != NULL );

configASSERT( ulAddress > ( uint32_t ) pxEnd );

}

pxPreviousFreeBlock = pxEnd;//pxEnd 是个指针。它存在heap地址的最后面

ulAddress = ( ( uint32_t ) pucAlignedHeap ) + xTotalRegionSize;

ulAddress -= uxHeapStructSize;

ulAddress &= ~portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK;

pxEnd = ( BlockLink_t * ) ulAddress;//初始化heap最后的pxEnd 指针

pxEnd->xBlockSize = 0;

pxEnd->pxNextFreeBlock = NULL;

pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion = ( BlockLink_t * ) pucAlignedHeap;

pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->xBlockSize = ulAddress - ( uint32_t ) pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion;

pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->pxNextFreeBlock = pxEnd;

if( pxPreviousFreeBlock != NULL )

{//不是第一块，就插入链表

pxPreviousFreeBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion;

}

xTotalHeapSize += pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->xBlockSize;//统计heap大小

/* 数组下标加1，获取下一个元素 */

xDefinedRegions++;

pxHeapRegion = &( pxHeapRegions[ xDefinedRegions ] );

}
xMinimumEverFreeBytesRemaining = xTotalHeapSize;
xFreeBytesRemaining = xTotalHeapSize;
/* Check something was actually defined before it is accessed. */
configASSERT( xTotalHeapSize );
/* xBlockAllocatedBit 标记最高bit位，表示地址是否空闲 */

xBlockAllocatedBit = ( ( size_t ) 1 ) << ( ( sizeof( size_t ) * heapBITS_PER_BYTE ) - 1 );

}