地球坐标,火星坐标,百度坐标转换
标准地球坐标即GPS设备获得的坐标,该坐标需要经过国家测绘局进行加密后形成火星坐标(GCJ-02 ),我们用的google坐标和高德地图坐标也就是火星坐标
百度地图,在火星坐标的基础上再进行一次加密,形成了百度地图上的坐标,因此,直接将标准地球坐标显示在百度地图上是会有几百米的偏差的。按照此原理,标准GPS坐标经过两步的转换可得到百度坐标。因为在处理百度地图时,例如查询其POI都需要百度地图上的坐标,而不是标准坐标,那么这样的转换就是必要的了。下面是两步转换的C++ 程序,供开发的人做一个参考。
标准gps WGS-84 :gps硬件 ,google地球
火星坐标 GCJ-02:google地图 、 高德地图
百度坐标BD-09 :百度坐标转换
注意: 一般从GPS设备上取到的是标准GPS数据,也就是原始第一层数据, 同时其可能是度、度分、度分秒的格式数据,最后都要转化为度的数据进行运算,转化方式如下
度格式 = 度+分/60;(数据为度分)
例子 30°33.1786(度分格式) = (度格式) 30 +33.1786/60= 30.552976666666666666666666666667(度格式);
度格式 =度+分/60 +秒/3600;(数据为度分秒)
同上
//============================================================================
// Name : Convert_cpp.cpp
// Author : roger
// Version :
// Copyright : Your copyright notice
// Description : Hello World in C++, Ansi-style
//============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
const double pi = 3.14159265358979324;
const double a = 6378245.0;
const double ee = 0.00669342162296594323;
const double x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;
bool outOfChina(double lat, double lon)
{
if (lon < 72.004 || lon > 137.8347)
return true;
if (lat < 0.8293 || lat > 55.8271)
return true;
return false;
}
double transformLat(double x, double y)
{
double ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * sqrt(abs(x));
ret += (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (20.0 * sin(y * pi) + 40.0 * sin(y / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (160.0 * sin(y / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * sin(y * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret;
}
double transformLon(double x, double y)
{
double ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * sqrt(abs(x));
ret += (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (20.0 * sin(x * pi) + 40.0 * sin(x / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (150.0 * sin(x / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * sin(x / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret;
}
/**
* 地球坐标转换为火星坐标
* World Geodetic System ==> Mars Geodetic System
*
* @param wgLat 地球坐标
* @param wgLon
*
* mglat,mglon 火星坐标
*/
void transform2Mars(double wgLat, double wgLon,double &mgLat,double &mgLon)
{
if (outOfChina(wgLat, wgLon))
{
mgLat = wgLat;
mgLon = wgLon;
return ;
}
double dLat = transformLat(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
double dLon = transformLon(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
double radLat = wgLat / 180.0 * pi;
double magic = sin(radLat);
magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
double sqrtMagic = sqrt(magic);
dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi);
dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * cos(radLat) * pi);
mgLat = wgLat + dLat;
mgLon = wgLon + dLon;
}
/**
* 火星坐标转换为百度坐标
* @param gg_lat
* @param gg_lon
*/
void bd_encrypt(double gg_lat, double gg_lon,double &bd_lat,double & bd_lon)
{
double x = gg_lon, y = gg_lat;
double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * sin(y * x_pi);
double theta = atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * cos(x * x_pi);
bd_lon = z * cos(theta) + 0.0065;
bd_lat = z * sin(theta) + 0.006;
}
/**
* 百度转火星
* @param bd_lat
* @param bd_lon
*/
void bd_decrypt(double bd_lat, double bd_lon,double &gg_lat,double &gg_lon)
{
double x = bd_lon - 0.0065, y = bd_lat - 0.006;
double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * sin(y * x_pi);
double theta = atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * cos(x * x_pi);
gg_lon = z * cos(theta);
gg_lat = z * sin(theta);
}
int main() {
double lat = 30.227607;
double lon = 120.036565;
//真实的经纬度转化为百度地图上的经纬度,便于计算百度POI
double marsLat = 0;
double marsLon = 0;
double resultLat = 0;
double resultLon = 0;
transform2Mars(lat,lon,marsLat,marsLon);
bd_encrypt(marsLat,marsLon,resultLat,resultLon);
//30.2193456 120.0348264
cout<<setprecision(10)<<resultLat<<" "<<setprecision(10)<<resultLon<<endl;
}
下面是 c#代码
public class GisHelper
{
private const double EARTH_RADIUS = 6378137;
/// <summary>
/// 计算两点位置的距离,返回两点的距离,单位:米
/// 该公式为GOOGLE提供,误差小于0.2米
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lng1">第一点经度</param>
/// <param name="lat1">第一点纬度</param>
/// <param name="lng2">第二点经度</param>
/// <param name="lat2">第二点纬度</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double GetDistance(double lng1, double lat1, double lng2, double lat2)
{
double radLat1 = Rad(lat1);
double radLng1 = Rad(lng1);
double radLat2 = Rad(lat2);
double radLng2 = Rad(lng2);
double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
double b = radLng1 - radLng2;
double result = 2 * Math.Asin(Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(Math.Sin(a / 2), 2) + Math.Cos(radLat1) * Math.Cos(radLat2) * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(b / 2), 2))) * EARTH_RADIUS;
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 经纬度转化成弧度
/// </summary>
/// <param name="d"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static double Rad(double d)
{
return (double)d * Math.PI / 180d;
}
const double pi = 3.14159265358979324;
//
// Krasovsky 1940
//
// a = 6378245.0, 1/f = 298.3
// b = a * (1 - f)
// ee = (a^2 - b^2) / a^2;
const double a = 6378245.0;
const double ee = 0.00669342162296594323;
/// <summary>
/// 经纬度纠偏
/// </summary>
/// <param name="wgLat">原始纬度</param>
/// <param name="wgLon">原始经度</param>
/// <param name="mgLat">纠偏后纬度</param>
/// <param name="mgLon">就偏厚经度</param>
public static void Transform(double wgLat, double wgLon, out double mgLat, out double mgLon)
{
if (OutOfChina(wgLat, wgLon))
{
mgLat = wgLat;
mgLon = wgLon;
return;
}
double dLat = TransformLat(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
double dLon = TransformLon(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
double radLat = wgLat / 180.0 * pi;
double magic = Math.Sin(radLat);
magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
double sqrtMagic = Math.Sqrt(magic);
dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi);
dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.Cos(radLat) * pi);
mgLat = wgLat + dLat;
mgLon = wgLon + dLon;
}
static bool OutOfChina(double lat, double lon)
{
if (lon < 72.004 || lon > 137.8347)
return true;
if (lat < 0.8293 || lat > 55.8271)
return true;
return false;
}
static double TransformLat(double x, double y)
{
double ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(x));
ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(y * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(y / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (160.0 * Math.Sin(y / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * Math.Sin(y * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret;
}
static double TransformLon(double x, double y)
{
double ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(x));
ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(x * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(x / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (150.0 * Math.Sin(x / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * Math.Sin(x / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret;
}
}
下面是 javascpept
var a = 6378245.0;
var pi=3.14159265358979324;
var ee = 0.00669342162296594323;
var x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;
var mgLat=0.0000;
var mgLon=0.0000;
var bd_lat=0.0000;
var bd_lon=0.0000;
var lastpoint=[0,0];
var sample_size = 0;
var pointsCount = 0;
var outOfChina=function( lat, lon){
if (lon < 72.004 || lon > 137.8347)
return true;
if (lat < 0.8293 || lat > 55.8271)
return true;
return false;
}
var transformLat= function( x, y){
var ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));
ret =ret+ (20.0 * Math.sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret =ret+ (20.0 * Math.sin(y * pi) + 40.0 * Math.sin(y / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret =ret+ (160.0 * Math.sin(y / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * Math.sin(y * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret ;
}
var transformLon=function( x, y){
var ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));
ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(x * pi) + 40.0 * Math.sin(x / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
ret += (150.0 * Math.sin(x / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * Math.sin(x / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
return ret;
}
var transform2Mars=function( wgLat, wgLon){
if (outOfChina(wgLat, wgLon))
{
mgLat = wgLat;
mgLon = wgLon;
return ;
}
var dLat = transformLat(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
var dLon = transformLon(wgLon - 105.0, wgLat - 35.0);
var radLat = wgLat / 180.0 * pi;
var magic = Math.sin(radLat);
magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
var sqrtMagic = Math.sqrt(magic);
dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi);
dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.cos(radLat) * pi);
mgLat = wgLat + dLat;
mgLon = wgLon + dLon;
}
var bd_encrypt=function( gg_lat, gg_lon) {
var x = gg_lon, y = gg_lat;
var z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * Math.sin(y * x_pi);
var theta =Math.atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * Math.cos(x * x_pi);
bd_lon = z * Math.cos(theta) + 0.0065;
bd_lat = z * Math.sin(theta) + 0.006;
}
在自己的项目中,将标准GPS转换为百度坐标后,再获取百度地图的POI,获得的POI位置和真实的位置基本一致,可以使用。下面还有一些网上转载的资料,比较丰富,值得一看。
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- GCJ-02坐标系统(火星坐标)简介:http://blog.csdn.net/giswens/article/details/8775121(存档:http://mapbd.com/cms/2012/07/25/)
- GCJ-02到真实坐标反向变换的理论基础:http://blog.csdn.net/giswens/article/details/8775213
- WGS84坐标与Web墨卡托坐标互转:http://blog.csdn.net/giswens/article/details/9634261
- 地球坐标系 (WGS-84) 到火星坐标系 (GCJ-02) 的转换算法:
- C#代码:https://on4wp7.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/21483#353936(注解:http://blog.csdn.net/giswens/article/details/8775283)
- Java代码:http://emq.googlecode.com/svn/emq/src/Algorithm/Coords/Converter.java
- iOS代码:http://blog.csdn.net/giswens/article/details/8775183(存档:http://www.keakon.net/2011/07/02/WGS84坐标转火星坐标(iOS篇))
- 火星坐标系 (GCJ-02) 与百度坐标系 (BD-09) 的转换算法:http://blog.csdn.net/coolypf/article/details/8569813(解释:国际经纬度坐标标准为WGS-84,国内必须至少使用国测局制定的GCJ-02,对地理位置进行首次加密。百度坐标在此基础上,进行了BD-09二次加密措施,更加保护了个人隐私。百度对外接口的坐标系并不是GPS采集的真实经纬度,需要通过坐标转换接口进行转换。)
- 一种根据纠偏数据对火星坐标进行完美拟合的方法:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_538036cf0100pxbl.html
- 国内各地图API坐标系统比较:http://rovertang.com/archives/547
- 关于百度地图坐标转换接口的研究:http://rovertang.com/archives/24699
查询过资料可得,通过程序进行 标准坐标转火星坐标(google、高德),火星坐标转百度坐标,百度坐标转火星坐标,百度坐标转标准坐标都是可行的,火星直接转标准坐标转不了。