ios开发（十六）custom control

http://www.raywenderlich.com/36288/how-to-make-a-custom-control

http://hubpages.com/hub/iOS-Create-Custom-Buttons-and-Controls

本文主要是对上门的链接的摘要。

下面是apple control的一个hierarchy（如果需要查看更详细的hierachy参照UIKit Framework Reference）：

从上图中UIControl可以相应一些event，是做contol很好的开始。

下面就是一个做带两个按钮的slider（效果如下图）的很好的例子：

1. 首先从UIControl继承一个class叫CERangeSlider，当然我们希望能够一边改进这个control一边看到改进的结果，所以我们在能显示的view中添加如下代码：

- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad];   // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.   NSUInteger margin = 20; CGRect sliderFrame = CGRectMake(margin, margin, self.view.frame.size.width - margin * 2, 30); _rangeSlider = [[CERangeSlider alloc] initWithFrame:sliderFrame]; _rangeSlider.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];   [self.view addSubview:_rangeSlider]; }

然后就看到如下图片

2. 给control添加一些表示当前control状态的内容

@property (nonatomic) float maximumValue; @property (nonatomic) float minimumValue; @property (nonatomic) float upperValue; @property (nonatomic) float lowerValue;

并给一些初始数值

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { self = [super initWithFrame:frame]; if (self) { // Initialization code _maximumValue = 10.0; _minimumValue = 0.0; _upperValue = 8.0; _lowerValue = 2.0; } return self; }

3. Images vs. CoreGraphics

image 和 CoreGraphics是两种不同的描绘control的显示的方式。

两种各有优缺点，image要求美工好，CoreGraphics要求代码多。

文章介绍了用CoreGraphics的方式来做，首先要添加一个库QuartzCore.framework， 具体添加办法如下图：

然后修改CERangeSlider的m文件注意不是h文件

#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@implementation CERangeSlider { CALayer* _trackLayer; CALayer* _upperKnobLayer; CALayer* _lowerKnobLayer;   float _knobWidth; float _useableTrackLength; }

然后在initial Frame中添加如下代码来初始化这些layer：

_trackLayer = [CALayer layer];
_trackLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:_trackLayer];
 
_upperKnobLayer = [CALayer layer];
_upperKnobLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:_upperKnobLayer];
 
_lowerKnobLayer = [CALayer layer];
_lowerKnobLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:_lowerKnobLayer];
 
[self setLayerFrames];

然后继续添加一些初始化的功能

  
  
- (void) setLayerFrames
{
    _trackLayer.frame = CGRectInset(self.bounds, 0, self.bounds.size.height / 3.5);
    [_trackLayer setNeedsDisplay];
 
    _knobWidth = self.bounds.size.height;
    _useableTrackLength = self.bounds.size.width - _knobWidth;
 
    float upperKnobCentre = [self positionForValue:_upperValue];
    _upperKnobLayer.frame = CGRectMake(upperKnobCentre - _knobWidth / 2, 0, _knobWidth, _knobWidth);
 
    float lowerKnobCentre = [self positionForValue:_lowerValue];
    _lowerKnobLayer.frame = CGRectMake(lowerKnobCentre - _knobWidth / 2, 0, _knobWidth, _knobWidth);
 
    [_upperKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay];
    [_lowerKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay];
}
 
- (float) positionForValue:(float)value // 坐标映射
{
    return _useableTrackLength * (value - _minimumValue) /
        (_maximumValue - _minimumValue) + (_knobWidth / 2);
}
然后运行会有下面的结果

4. 下面要添加一些互动的功能
想从CALayer继承一个class CERangeSliderKnobLayer。

        
        
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
 
@class CERangeSlider;
 
@interface CERangeSliderKnobLayer : CALayer
 
@property BOOL highlighted;
@property (weak) CERangeSlider* slider;
 
@end
下面把原来的两个layer替换掉

         
         
CERangeSliderKnobLayer* _upperKnobLayer;
CERangeSliderKnobLayer* _lowerKnobLayer;
init frame里也做如下修改

          
          
_upperKnobLayer = [CERangeSliderKnobLayer layer];
_upperKnobLayer.slider = self;
_upperKnobLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:_upperKnobLayer];
 
_lowerKnobLayer = [CERangeSliderKnobLayer layer];
_lowerKnobLayer.slider = self;
_lowerKnobLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:_lowerKnobLayer];
再在CERangeSlide添加触摸相应的内容，分为begin continue end三部分：

          
          
- (BOOL)beginTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event // 首先要筛选出相应的区域
{
    _previousTouchPoint = [touch locationInView:self];
 
    // hit test the knob layers
    if(CGRectContainsPoint(_lowerKnobLayer.frame, _previousTouchPoint))
    {
        _lowerKnobLayer.highlighted = YES;
        [_lowerKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay];
    }
    else if(CGRectContainsPoint(_upperKnobLayer.frame, _previousTouchPoint))
    {
        _upperKnobLayer.highlighted = YES;
        [_upperKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay];
    }
    return _upperKnobLayer.highlighted || _lowerKnobLayer.highlighted;
}
 


  
  
#define BOUND(VALUE, UPPER, LOWER)	MIN(MAX(VALUE, LOWER), UPPER)
 
- (BOOL)continueTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event // 修改数值
{
    CGPoint touchPoint = [touch locationInView:self];
 
    // 1. determine by how much the user has dragged
    float delta = touchPoint.x - _previousTouchPoint.x;
    float valueDelta = (_maximumValue - _minimumValue) * delta / _useableTrackLength;
 
    _previousTouchPoint = touchPoint;
 
    // 2. update the values
    if (_lowerKnobLayer.highlighted)
    {
        _lowerValue += valueDelta;
        _lowerValue = BOUND(_lowerValue, _upperValue, _minimumValue);
    }
    if (_upperKnobLayer.highlighted)
    {
        _upperValue += valueDelta;
        _upperValue = BOUND(_upperValue, _maximumValue, _lowerValue);
    }
 
    // 3. Update the UI state
    [CATransaction begin];
    [CATransaction setDisableActions:YES] ;
 
    [self setLayerFrames];
 
    [CATransaction commit];
 
    return YES;
}

- (void)endTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { _lowerKnobLayer.highlighted = _upperKnobLayer.highlighted = NO; [_lowerKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay]; [_upperKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay]; } 5. control可以拖动了，那怎样告诉使用control的view当前的状态呢？ 有两种pattern可以采用delegate和target－action，一般认为前一种拓展更好，后一种更加系统，等于是内置的，这里我们主要用后面一种。 在 continueTrackingWithTouch:withEvent:中添加如下代码： [self sendActionsForControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged]; 然后再在我们显示的主程序中添加如下代码： [_rangeSlider addTarget:self action:@selector(slideValueChanged:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged]; - (void)slideValueChanged:(id)control { NSLog(@"Slider value changed: (%.2f,%.2f)", _rangeSlider.lowerValue, _rangeSlider.upperValue); } 至此主要的功能都有了。 6. 利用CoreGraphic修改外观 再添加一个 CERangeSliderTrackLayer #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>   @class CERangeSlider;   @interface CERangeSliderTrackLayer : CALayer   @property (weak) CERangeSlider* slider;   @end 同样对之前设置的 _trackLayer做和之前其他的layer一样的修改。 然后在CERangeSlider.h 添加 @property (nonatomic) UIColor* trackColour; @property (nonatomic) UIColor* trackHighlightColour; @property (nonatomic) UIColor* knobColour; @property (nonatomic) float curvaceousness;   - (float) positionForValue:(float)value; 在CERangeSlider.m   initWithFrame中添加 _trackHighlightColour = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.45 blue:0.94 alpha:1.0]; _trackColour = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.9 alpha:1.0]; _knobColour = [UIColor whiteColor]; _curvaceousness = 1.0; _maximumValue = 10.0; _minimumValue = 0.0; 然后在CERangeSliderTrackLayer.m中添加 - (void)drawInContext:(CGContextRef)ctx { // clip float cornerRadius = self.bounds.size.height * self.slider.curvaceousness / 2.0; UIBezierPath *switchOutline = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:self.bounds cornerRadius:cornerRadius]; CGContextAddPath(ctx, switchOutline.CGPath); CGContextClip(ctx);   // 1) fill the track CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(ctx, self.slider.trackColour.CGColor); CGContextAddPath(ctx, switchOutline.CGPath); CGContextFillPath(ctx);   // 2) fill the highlighed range CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(ctx, self.slider.trackHighlightColour.CGColor); float lower = [self.slider positionForValue:self.slider.lowerValue]; float upper = [self.slider positionForValue:self.slider.upperValue]; CGContextFillRect(ctx, CGRectMake(lower, 0, upper - lower, self.bounds.size.height));   // 3) add a highlight over the track CGRect highlight = CGRectMake(cornerRadius/2, self.bounds.size.height/2, self.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius, self.bounds.size.height/2); UIBezierPath *highlightPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:highlight cornerRadius:highlight.size.height * self.slider.curvaceousness / 2.0]; CGContextAddPath(ctx, highlightPath.CGPath); CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor colorWithWhite:1.0 alpha:0.4].CGColor); CGContextFillPath(ctx);   // 4) inner shadow CGContextSetShadowWithColor(ctx, CGSizeMake(0, 2.0), 3.0, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextAddPath(ctx, switchOutline.CGPath); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextStrokePath(ctx);   // 5) outline the track CGContextAddPath(ctx, switchOutline.CGPath); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor blackColor].CGColor); CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 0.5); CGContextStrokePath(ctx); } 显示如下

然后再修改其他的layer CERangeSliderKnobLayer.m，

- (void)drawInContext:(CGContextRef)ctx { CGRect knobFrame = CGRectInset(self.bounds, 2.0, 2.0);   UIBezierPath *knobPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:knobFrame cornerRadius:knobFrame.size.height * self.slider.curvaceousness / 2.0];   // 1) fill - with a subtle shadow CGContextSetShadowWithColor(ctx, CGSizeMake(0, 1), 1.0, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(ctx, self.slider.knobColour.CGColor); CGContextAddPath(ctx, knobPath.CGPath); CGContextFillPath(ctx);   // 2) outline CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 0.5); CGContextAddPath(ctx, knobPath.CGPath); CGContextStrokePath(ctx);     // 3) inner gradient CGRect rect = CGRectInset(knobFrame, 2.0, 2.0); UIBezierPath *clipPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:rect cornerRadius:rect.size.height * self.slider.curvaceousness / 2.0];   CGGradientRef myGradient; CGColorSpaceRef myColorspace; size_t num_locations = 2; CGFloat locations[2] = { 0.0, 1.0 }; CGFloat components[8] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 , 0.15, // Start color 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.05 }; // End color   myColorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); myGradient = CGGradientCreateWithColorComponents (myColorspace, components, locations, num_locations);   CGPoint startPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect)); CGPoint endPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));   CGContextSaveGState(ctx); CGContextAddPath(ctx, clipPath .CGPath); CGContextClip(ctx); CGContextDrawLinearGradient(ctx, myGradient, startPoint, endPoint, 0);   CGGradientRelease(myGradient); CGColorSpaceRelease(myColorspace); CGContextRestoreGState(ctx);   // 4) highlight if (self.highlighted) { // fill CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(ctx, [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.0 alpha:0.1].CGColor); CGContextAddPath(ctx, knobPath.CGPath); CGContextFillPath(ctx); } }

7. 之前都是参数相应control的变化，现在让control相应参数的变化 

下面的代码比较tricky但是也是一种很好的模式。

#define GENERATE_SETTER(PROPERTY, TYPE, SETTER, UPDATER) \
- (void)SETTER:(TYPE)PROPERTY { \
    if (_##PROPERTY != PROPERTY) { \
        _##PROPERTY = PROPERTY; \
        [self UPDATER]; \
    } \
}

GENERATE_SETTER(trackHighlightColour, UIColor*, setTrackHighlightColour, redrawLayers)   GENERATE_SETTER(trackColour, UIColor*, setTrackColour, redrawLayers)   GENERATE_SETTER(curvaceousness, float, setCurvaceousness, redrawLayers)   GENERATE_SETTER(knobColour, UIColor*, setKnobColour, redrawLayers)   GENERATE_SETTER(maximumValue, float, setMaximumValue, setLayerFrames)   GENERATE_SETTER(minimumValue, float, setMinimumValue, setLayerFrames)   GENERATE_SETTER(lowerValue, float, setLowerValue, setLayerFrames)   GENERATE_SETTER(upperValue, float, setUpperValue, setLayerFrames)   - (void) redrawLayers { [_upperKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay]; [_lowerKnobLayer setNeedsDisplay]; [_trackLayer setNeedsDisplay]; }

之后再设置一下主调用control的view

[self performSelector:@selector(updateState) withObject:nil afterDelay:1.0f];

- (void)updateState
{
    _rangeSlider.trackHighlightColour = [UIColor redColor];
    _rangeSlider.curvaceousness = 0.0;
}