使用Spring JDBC框架连接并操作数据库

在前一篇博文JAVA通过JDBC连接并操作MySQL数据库中，我们知道如何通过JDBC连接并操作数据库，但是请看程序，整个程序连接数据库和关闭数据库占了很大一部分代码量，而且每次我们执行一下数据库操作都得来这么一大段重复代码，这是很烦人的。而在Spring框架中同样提供了JDBC框架，以供我们操作数据库。spring中的JDBC框架则可以为我们省去连接和关闭数据库的代码，我们只要关注我们想对数据库进行的操作即可，下面开始介绍吧。

同样的，我们需要在MySQL中创建一个table，以供我们测试使用。

CREATE TABLE student(
	ID VARCHAR(5),
	name VARCHAR(20),
	age int(3),
	FM VARCHAR(1),
	PRIMARY KEY(ID)
)

表格效果如下图：

有了数据库之后，建好maven工程，然后需要配置数据源。在Spring的JDBC框架中，数据源配置在Beans.xml中，当然这个文件名可以随便取的。

整个Beans.xml配置文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd ">
	
    <bean id="datasource"
     	class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    	<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    	<!--注意一下&characterEncoding要修改为&amp;characterEncoding-->
	<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"/>    	
    	<property name="username" value="root"/>
    	<property name="password" value="snow" />
	</bean>   	
	
	<bean id="studentDaoImp"
		class="SNOW.SpringJDBCtest.StudentDaoImp">
		<property name="datasource" ref="datasource" />
	</bean>    	
    	
</beans>

在这里有一点要注意characterEncoding前面的 & 需要更换成 & ，否则会报错。

接下来我们为数据库student创建一个类student.java

package SNOW.SpringJDBCtest;

public class Student{
	private String ID;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private String FM;
	
	public Student(){		
	}
	
	public Student(String ID,String name,int age, String FM){
		this.ID = ID;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.FM = FM;
	}
	
	public void setID(String ID){
		this.ID = ID;
	}
	
	public String getID(){
		return this.ID;
	}

	public void setname(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public String getname(){
		return this.name;
	}

	public void setage(int age){
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public int getage(){
		return age;
	}
	
	public void setFM(String FM){
		this.FM = FM;
	}
	
	public String getFM(){
		return this.FM;
	}	
	
	public void display(){
		System.out.println(ID + " " + name + " " + age + " " + FM);
	}
	
	
}

有了Student类之后，还需要一个将SQL数据与student对象映射的类StudentMapper.java

package SNOW.SpringJDBCtest;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {

	public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rownum) throws SQLException {
		Student student = new Student();
		student.setID(rs.getString("ID"));
		student.setname(rs.getString("name"));
		student.setage(rs.getInt("age"));
		student.setFM(rs.getString("FM"));
		
		return student;		
	}
	
}

Spring JDBC框架是通过DAO（Data Access Object）来实现对数据库的读写数据操作的，并且在实现过程中应该由应用程序implements interface 来完成数据库的读写操作。

我们的接口定义如下：

package SNOW.SpringJDBCtest;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;


public interface StudentDao{

	/** 
	 * This is the method to be used to initialize
	 * database resources ie. connection.
	 */	
	public void setdatasource(DataSource ds);	
	
	public void addstudent(Student student);
	
	public void delstudentbyID(String ID);
	
	public void delstudentbyname(String name);
	
	public void delallstudent();
	
	public void updstudent(Student student);
	
	public List<Student> allstudent();
	
	public List<Student> querystudentbyID(String ID);
	
	public List<Student> querystudentbyname(String name);
	
	public List<Student> querystudentbyage(int age);
	
	
}

接口实现定义如下：

package SNOW.SpringJDBCtest;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowCallbackHandler;


public class StudentDaoImp implements StudentDao{

	private DataSource datasource;
	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;
	
	
	public void setdatasource(DataSource ds) {
		this.datasource = ds;
		this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(datasource);		
	}

	public void addstudent(Student student) {
		String sql = "INSERT INTO class.student(ID,name,age,FM)VALUES(?,?,?,?)";
		
		jdbcTemplateObject.update(sql, student.getID(),
				student.getname(),student.getage(),student.getFM());
		return ;
	}

	public void delstudentbyID(String ID) {
		String sql = "DELETE FROM class.student WHERE ID=?";
		jdbcTemplateObject.update(sql,ID);
		return ;
	}

	public void delstudentbyname(String name) {
		String sql = "DELETE FROM class.student WHERE name=?";
		jdbcTemplateObject.update(sql,name);
		return ;		
	}

	public void delallstudent() {
		String sql = "DELETE FROM class.student";
		jdbcTemplateObject.update(sql);
		return ;	
	}

	public void updstudent(Student student) {
		String sql = "UPDATE class.student set name=?,age=?,FM=? WHERE ID=?";
		jdbcTemplateObject.update(sql,student.getname(),
				student.getage(),student.getFM(),student.getID());
		return ;
	}

	public List<Student> allstudent() {
		List<Student> students = null;
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM class.student";
		students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(sql, new StudentMapper());
		return students;
	}

	public List<Student> querystudentbyID(String ID) {
		List<Student> students = null;
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM class.student WHERE ID=?";
		students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(sql, new Object[]{ID}, new StudentMapper());
		return students;
	}

	public List<Student> querystudentbyname(String name) {
		List<Student> students = null;
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM class.student WHERE name=?";
		students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(sql, new Object[]{name}, new StudentMapper());
		return students;
	}

	public List<Student> querystudentbyage(int age) {
		List<Student> students = null;
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM class.student WHERE age=?";
		students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(sql, new Object[]{age}, new StudentMapper());
		return students;
	}
	
	public void displayall(){
		List<Student> students = allstudent();
		for(Student s : students){
			s.display();
		}
	}
	
	
}

实现了StudentDaoImp类之后需要装备到Beans.xml中，具体见最上面的Beans.xml代码。

写完以上代码就写完了主要的功能操作了，接下来我们写个测试程序Maintest.java

package SNOW.SpringJDBCtest;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Maintest{
	public static void main(String [] args){
		ApplicationContext context = 
				new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SNOW/SpringJDBCtest/Beans.xml");
		StudentDaoImp studentDaoImp = (StudentDaoImp)context.getBean("studentDaoImp");
		
		
		String[] ID = { "2008", "2009", "2010", "1990", "2015","2018" };
		String[] name = { "Wang", "Hui", "Yu", "Yuan", "Yuan", "Yang"};
		int[] age = { 16, 18, 20, 20, 22, 21 };
		String[] FM = {"F", "F", "M", "M", "M", "F"};		
		Student student = null;
		List<Student> students = null;
		
		System.out.println("---------addstudent-------------");
		for(int i=0; i<ID.length; i++){
			student = new Student(ID[i],name[i],age[i],FM[i]);
			studentDaoImp.addstudent(student);			
		}
		studentDaoImp.displayall();
		
		System.out.println("---------updatestudent-------------");
		student = new Student("1990","Yuan",18,"M");
		studentDaoImp.updstudent(student);
		studentDaoImp.displayall();
		
		System.out.println("---------querystudentbyID-------------");
		students = studentDaoImp.querystudentbyID("1990");
		for(Student s : students){
			s.display();
		}
		
		System.out.println("---------querystudentbyname-------------");
		students = studentDaoImp.querystudentbyname("Yuan");
		for(Student s : students){
			s.display();
		}
		
		System.out.println("---------querystudentbyage-------------");
		students = studentDaoImp.querystudentbyage(20);
		for(Student s : students){
			s.display();
		}	
		
		System.out.println("---------delstudentbyage-------------");
		studentDaoImp.delstudentbyID("2018");
		studentDaoImp.displayall();
		
		System.out.println("---------delstudentbyname-------------");
		studentDaoImp.delstudentbyname("Hui");
		studentDaoImp.displayall();		
		
		System.out.println("---------delallstudent-------------");
		studentDaoImp.delallstudent();	
		
		
	}
	
}

因为创建的Maven项目，其中pom.xml如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>SNOW</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringJDBCtest</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>SpringJDBCtest</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>  	
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>  	
    <dependency>
      	<groupId>junit</groupId>
      	<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      	<version>3.8.1</version>
      	<scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
 	<dependency>
		<groupId>mysql</groupId>
		<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		<version>5.1.35</version>
	</dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
		<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  <!--spring transaction-->
		<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>    
	
  </dependencies>
</project>

最终运行结果如下：

五月 29, 2015 8:51:29 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@384e57ba: startup date [Fri May 29 20:51:29 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
五月 29, 2015 8:51:30 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [SNOW/SpringJDBCtest/Beans.xml]
五月 29, 2015 8:51:31 下午 org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource setDriverClassName
信息: Loaded JDBC driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
---------addstudent-------------
1990 Yuan 20 M
2008 Wang 16 F
2009 Hui 18 F
2010 Yu 20 M
2015 Yuan 22 M
2018 Yang 21 F
---------updatestudent-------------
1990 Yuan 18 M
2008 Wang 16 F
2009 Hui 18 F
2010 Yu 20 M
2015 Yuan 22 M
2018 Yang 21 F
---------querystudentbyID-------------
1990 Yuan 18 M
---------querystudentbyname-------------
1990 Yuan 18 M
2015 Yuan 22 M
---------querystudentbyage-------------
2010 Yu 20 M
---------delstudentbyage-------------
1990 Yuan 18 M
2008 Wang 16 F
2009 Hui 18 F
2010 Yu 20 M
2015 Yuan 22 M
---------delstudentbyname-------------
1990 Yuan 18 M
2008 Wang 16 F
2010 Yu 20 M
2015 Yuan 22 M
---------delallstudent-------------

本文参考文献：    

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/spring/spring_jdbc_framework.htm

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/spring/spring_jdbc_example.htm