1 Reviewing Information About This Guide
This guide describes how to install Oracle Database by using the default installation options.
Tasks Described in This Guide
The procedures in this guide describe how to:
-
Configure your system to support Oracle Database
-
Install Oracle Database on a local file system by using the Basic Installation option
-
Configure a general-purpose Oracle Database installation that uses the local file system for database file storage
Results of a Successful Installation
After you successfully install Oracle Database:
-
The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener process run on the system.
-
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and i SQL*Plus are running and can be accessed by using a Web browser.
Tasks Not Described in This Guide
This guide covers the Basic Installation scenario and does not describe how to complete the following tasks:
-
Using the Advanced Installation option to install the software
-
Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation
-
Installing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) on a cluster
-
Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated backups
-
Using alternative storage options such as Automatic Storage Management or raw devices for database storage
Where to Get Additional Installation Information
For more information about installing Oracle Database, including information about the tasks not described in this guide, refer to one of the following guides:
-
If you want to install the software on a single system, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 .
-
If you want to perform a RAC installation, then refer to Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux . This guide also describes how to install Oracle Clusterware, which is a prerequisite for RAC installations.
Both these guides are available on the product disc. To access them, use a Web browser to open the welcome.htm
file located in the top-level directory of the installation media, and then select the Documentation tab.
2 Logging In to the System as root
Before you install Oracle Database, you must complete several tasks as the root
user. To log in as the root
user, complete one of the following procedures:
Note:
You must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, or a PC or other system with X server software installed.-
If you are installing the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal, then:
-
Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal (
xterm
). -
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter the following command to enable the remote host to display X applications on the local X server:
$ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
For example:
$ xhost somehost.us.acme.com
-
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the
ssh
,rlogin
, ortelnet
command to connect to the system where you want to install the software:$ telnet fully_qualified_remote_host_name
-
If you are not logged in as the
root
user, then enter the following command to switch user toroot
:$ su - root
password:
#
-
-
If you are installing the software from a PC or other system with X server software installed, then:
Note:
If necessary, refer to your X server documentation for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may need to complete the tasks in a different order.-
Start the X server software.
-
Configure the security settings of the X server software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system.
-
Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software, and start a terminal session on that system, for example, an X terminal (
xterm
). -
If you are not logged in as the
root
user on the remote system, then enter the following command to switch user toroot
:$ su - root
password:
#
-
3 Checking the Hardware Requirements
The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:
-
At least 1024 MB of physical RAM
-
The following table shows the relationship between the available RAM and the required swap space.
Available RAM Swap Space Required Up to 1024 MB 2 times the size of RAM Between 1025 MB and 2048 MB 1.5 times the size of RAM Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB Equal to the size of RAM More than 8192 MB 0.75 times the size of RAM
-
400 MB of disk space in the
/tmp
directory -
Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type
-
1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional)
To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
-
To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
If the size of the physical RAM installed in the system is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.
-
To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
If necessary, refer to your operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space.
-
To determine the amount of free disk space available in the
/tmp
directory, enter the following command:# df -k /tmp
If there is less than 400 MB of free disk space available in the
/tmp
directory, then complete one of the following steps:-
Delete unnecessary files from the
/tmp
directory. -
Set the
TMP
andTMPDIR
environment variables when setting theoracle
user's environment (described later). -
Extend the file system that contains the
/tmp
directory. If required, contact your system administrator for information about extending file systems.
-
-
To determine the amount of free disk space available on the system, enter the following command:
# df -k
-
To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
This command displays the processor type. Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release that you want to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.
4 Checking the Software Requirements
The system must meet the following minimum software requirements, depending on the distribution and version of your operating system:
Note:
Oracle Universal Installer performs checks on your system to verify that it meets the listed requirements. To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start Oracle Universal Installer.To ensure that the system meets these requirements:
-
To determine which version of the operating system is installed, enter the following command:
# cat /etc/issue
Note:
Only the distributions and versions listed earlier in this section are supported. Do not install the software on other versions of Linux. -
To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:
# uname -r
On a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 system, the output may be as follows:
2.4.21-27.EL
In this example, the output shows the kernel version (
2.4.21
) and errata level (27.EL
). If the errata level is less than27
, then install the latest kernel update. Kernel updates are available from the Red Hat Network.On a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 system, the output may be as follows:
2.6.5-7.97
In this example, the output shows the kernel version on the system. If the kernel version is less than
2.6.5-7.97
, then contact SUSE for information about obtaining and installing the kernel updates. -
To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:
# rpm -q package_name
If a package is not installed, or if the version is lower than the required version, then install it from your Linux distribution media or download the required package from your Linux vendor's Web site.
5 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:
-
The Oracle Inventory group (
oinstall
) -
The OSDBA group (
dba
) -
The Oracle software owner (
oracle
) -
An unprivileged user (
nobody
)
To determine whether these groups and users already exist, and if necessary, to create them, follow these steps:
-
To determine whether the
oinstall
group exists, enter the following command:# more /etc/oraInst.loc
If the output of this command shows the
oinstall
group name, then the group already exists.If the
oraInst.loc
file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
The
inst_group
parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group,oinstall
. -
To determine whether the
dba
group exists, enter the following command:# grep dba /etc/group
If the output from this commands shows the
dba
group name, then the group already exists. -
If necessary, enter the following commands to create the
oinstall
anddba
groups:# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
-
To determine whether the
oracle
user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:# id oracle
If the
oracle
user exists, then this command displays information about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating thatoinstall
is the primary group anddba
is a secondary group:uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
-
If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
-
If the
oracle
user exists, but its primary group is notoinstall
or it is not a member of thedba
group, then enter the following command:# /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
-
If the
oracle
user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
This command creates the
oracle
user and specifiesoinstall
as the primary group anddba
as the secondary group.
-
-
Enter the following command to set the password of the
oracle
user:# passwd oracle
-
To determine whether the
nobody
user exists, enter the following command:# id nobody
If this command displays information about the
nobody
user, then you do not have to create the user.If the
nobody
user does not exist, then enter the following command to create it:# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody
6 Configuring Kernel Parameters
Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. The procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the values.
Parameter | Value | File |
---|---|---|
semmsl semmns semopm semmni | 250 32000 100 128 | /proc/sys/kernel/sem |
shmall | 2097152 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
shmmax | Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
shmmni | 4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
file-max | 65536 | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
ip_local_port_range | Minimum: 1024 Maximum: 65000 | /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
rmem_default | 1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
rmem_max | 1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
wmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
wmem_max | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
Note:
If the current value of any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, then do not change the value of that parameter.To view the current value specified for these kernel parameters, and to change them if necessary:
-
Enter commands similar to the following to view the current values of the kernel parameters:
Note:
Make a note of the current values and identify any values that you must change.Parameter Command semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed.
shmall, shmmax, and shmmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
file-max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
ip_local_port_range # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
rmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
rmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
wmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
wmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
-
If the value of any kernel parameter is different from the recommended value, then complete the following steps:
Using any text editor, create or edit the
/etc/sysctl.conf
file, and add or edit lines similar to the following:Note:
Include lines only for the kernel parameter values that you want to change. For the semaphore parameters (kernel.sem
), you must specify all four values. However, if any of the current values are larger than the recommended value, then specify the larger value.kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
By specifying the values in the
/etc/sysctl.conf
file, they persist when you restart the system.On SUSE systems only, enter the following command to ensure that the system reads the
/etc/sysctl.conf
file when it restarts:# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
Setting Shell Limits for the oracle User
To improve the performance of the software, you must increase the following shell limits for the oracle
user:
Shell Limit | Item in limits.conf | Hard Limit |
---|---|---|
Maximum number of open file descriptors | nofile | 65536 |
Maximum number of processes available to a single user | nproc | 16384 |
To increase the shell limits:
-
Add the following lines in the
/etc/security/limits.conf
file:oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
-
Add the following line to the
/etc/pam.d/login
file, if it does not already exist:session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
-
Depending on the
oracle
user's default shell, make the following changes to the default shell startup file:-
For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines in the
/etc/profile
file (or the/etc/profile.local
file on SUSE systems):if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
-
For the C shell, add the following lines in the
/etc/csh.login
file (or the/etc/csh.login.local
file on SUSE systems):if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif
-
7 Creating Required Directories
Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:
-
The Oracle base directory
-
An optional Oracle data file directory
The Oracle base directory must have 3 GB of free disk space, or 4 GB of free disk space if you choose not to create a separate Oracle data file directory.
Note:
If you do not want to create a separate Oracle data file directory, then you can install the data files in a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. However, this is not recommended for production databases.To create the Oracle base directory:
-
Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:
# df -h
This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:
-
The physical device name
-
The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space
-
The mount point directory for that file system
-
-
From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.
-
Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.
-
Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:
# mkdir -p /mount_point /app/oracle_sw_owner
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point /app/oracle_sw_owner
# chmod -R 775 /mount_point /app/oracle_sw_owner
For example, if the mount point you identify is
/u01
andoracle
is the user name of the Oracle software owner, then the recommended Oracle base directory path is as follows:/u01/app/oracle
8 Configuring the oracle User's Environment
You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle
account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the oracle
user. To configure the environment, you must:
-
Set the default file mode creation mask (
umask
) to022
in the shell startup file. -
Set the
DISPLAY
environment variable.
To set the oracle
user's environment:
-
Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (
xterm
). -
Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:
$ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
-
Complete one of the following steps:
-
If the terminal session is not connected to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the
oracle
user. -
If the terminal session is connected to the system where you want to install the software, then switch user to
oracle
:$ su - oracle
-
-
To determine the default shell for the
oracle
user, enter the following command:$ echo $SHELL
-
Open the
oracle
user's shell startup file in any text editor:-
Bash shell (
bash
) on SUSE:$ vi .profile
-
Bourne shell (
sh
), Bash shell on Red Hat (bash
), or Korn shell (ksh
):$ vi .bash_profile
-
C shell (
csh
ortcsh
):% vi .login
-
-
Enter or edit the following line in the shell startup file, specifying a value of
022
for the default file mode creation mask:umask 022
-
If the
ORACLE_SID
,ORACLE_HOME
, orORACLE_BASE
environment variable is set in the file, then remove the corresponding lines from the file. -
Save the file, and exit from the editor.
-
To run the shell startup script, enter the following command:
-
Bash shell on Red Hat:
$ . ./.bash_profile
-
Bourne shell, Bash shell on SUSE, or Korn shell:
$ . ./.profile
-
C shell:
% source ./.login
-
-
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter a command similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:
-
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ DISPLAY=local_host :0.0 ; export DISPLAY
-
C shell:
% setenv DISPLAY local_host :0.0
In this example,
local_host
is the host name or IP address of the system that you want to use to display Oracle Universal Installer (your workstation or PC). -
-
If you determined that the
/tmp
directory had insufficient free disk space when checking the hardware requirements, then identify a file system with the required amount of free space and set theTMP
andTMPDIR
environment variables as follows:-
Use the
df -h
command to identify a suitable file system with sufficient free space. -
If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:
$ su - root
# mkdir /mount_point /tmp
# chmod a+wr /mount_point /tmp
# exit
-
Enter commands similar to the following to set the
TMP
andTMPDIR
environment variables:Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ TMP=/mount_point /tmp
$ TMPDIR=/mount_point /tmp
$ export TMP TMPDIR
C shell:
% setenv TMP /mount_point /tmp
% setenv TMPDIR /mount_point /tmp
-
-
Enter the following commands to ensure that the
ORACLE_HOME
andTNS_ADMIN
environment variables are not set:Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ unset ORACLE_HOME
$ unset TNS_ADMIN
C shell:
% unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
% unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
-
To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:
$ umask
$ env | more
Verify that the
umask
command displays a value of22
,022
, or0022
and the environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values.
9 Mounting the Product Disc
On most Linux systems, the product disc mounts automatically when you insert it into the drive. If the disc does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it:
-
Switch user to
root
:$ su - root
-
If necessary, enter a command similar to the following to eject the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:
-
Red Hat:
# eject /mnt/dvd
-
SUSE:
# eject /media/dvd
In these examples,
/mnt/dvd
and/media/dvd
are the mount point directories for the disc drive. -
-
Insert the disc into the disc drive.
-
To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command similar to the following:
-
Red Hat:
$ ls /mnt/dvd
-
SUSE:
$ ls /media/dvd
-
-
If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, then enter a command similar to the following:
-
Red Hat:
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /mnt/dvd
-
SUSE:
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /media/dvd
In these examples,
/mnt/dvd
and/media/dvd
are the mount point directories for the disc drive. -
10 Installing Oracle Database
After configuring the oracle
user's environment, start Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle Database as follows:
-
To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following command:
$ /mount_point /db/runInstaller
If Oracle Universal Installer does not start, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about how to troubleshoot X Window display problems.
-
The following table describes the recommended action for each Oracle Universal Installer screen. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:
-
If you need more assistance, or if you want to choose an option that is not a default, then click Help for additional information.
-
If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about troubleshooting.
Note:
If you have completed the tasks listed previously, then you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens.Screen Recommended Action Select Installation Method The Basic Installation option is selected by default. Specify the directory path of the Oracle home. Ensure that the
oinstall
group is selected. If you want to create a starter database, then specify a name and password for it. Then, click Next .Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials This screen is displayed only during the first installation of Oracle products on a system. Specify the full path of the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that the operating system group selected is
oinstall
. Then, click Next .Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks Verify that all of the prerequisite checks succeed, and then click Next . Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle software. If you have completed all of the preinstallation steps in this guide, all of the checks should pass.
If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible, rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements, then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement.
Summary Review the information displayed on this screen, and then click Install . Install This screen displays status information while the product is installed. Configuration Assistants This screen displays status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. When the message is displayed at the end of this process, click OK to continue. Execute Configuration Scripts When prompted, read the instructions and then run the scripts mentioned on this screen. Click OK to continue. End of Installation The configuration assistants configure several Web-based applications, including Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. This screen displays the URLs configured for these applications. Make a note of the URLs used. The port numbers used in these URLs are also recorded in the following file: oracle_home /install/portlist.ini
To exit from Oracle Universal Installer, click Exit and then click Yes .
-
11 Installing Products from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD
The Oracle Database 10g Companion CD contains additional products that you can install. Whether you need to install these products depends on which Oracle Database products or features you plan to use. If you plan to use the following products or features, then you must complete the Oracle Database 10g Products installation from the Companion CD:
-
JPublisher
-
Oracle JVM
-
Oracle inter Media
-
Oracle JDBC development drivers
-
Oracle SQLJ
-
Oracle Database Examples
-
Oracle Text supplied knowledge bases
-
Oracle Ultra Search
-
Oracle HTML DB
-
Oracle Workflow server and middle-tier components
For information about installing software from the Companion CD, refer to Oracle Database Companion CD Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86 .
12 What to Do Next?
To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, it is recommended that you complete the following tasks:
-
Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using a Web browser.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is a Web-based application that you can use to manage a single Oracle Database installation. The default URL for Database Control is similar to the following:
http://host .domain :1158/em/
To log in, use the user name
SYS
and connect asSYSDBA
. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database 10g installation. -
Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about required and optional postinstallation tasks, depending on the products that you want to use.
-
Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about how to use Database Control to learn about the configuration of your installed database.
-
To learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to administer a database, refer to Oracle Database 2 Day DBA .
This guide, designed for new Oracle DBAs, describes how to use Database Control to manage all aspects of an Oracle Database installation. It also provides information about how to enable e-mail notifications and automated backups, which you might not have configured during the installation.
13 Additional Information
This section contains information about the following:
Product Licenses
You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.
Purchasing Licenses, Version Updates, and Documentation
You can purchase program licenses, updated versions of Oracle products, and printed versions of Oracle documentation from the Oracle Store Web site:
Contacting Oracle Support Services
If you have purchased Oracle Product Support, you can call Oracle Support Services for assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For information about purchasing Oracle Product Support or contacting Oracle Support Services, go to the Oracle Support Services Web site:
Locating Product Documentation
Documentation for Oracle products is available in both HTML and Adobe portable document format (PDF) formats from several locations:
-
On discs in the media pack:
-
Platform-specific documentation is available on the product discs. To access this documentation, see the
welcome.htm
file located in the top-level directory of the installation media. -
Generic product documentation is available in the Oracle Documentation Library.
-
-
From the Oracle Technology Network Web site:
To view PDF documents, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader from the Adobe Web site, if necessary:
14 Documentation Accessibility
Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Accessibility standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers. For more information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site at
http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/
Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation
Screen readers may not always correctly read the code examples in this document. The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line; however, some screen readers may not always read a line of text that consists solely of a bracket or brace.
Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation
This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations that Oracle does not own or control. Oracle neither evaluates nor makes any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.
TTY Access to Oracle Support Services
Oracle provides dedicated Text Telephone (TTY) access to Oracle Support Services within the United States of America 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For TTY support, call 800.446.2398.
Oracle Database Client Quick Installation Guide, 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86
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