Web支付

in-app payments 或者 micropayments在以下情况下比web支付更好用。

heterogeneity异质（指different payment solution）

小额支付

支付选项众多（快捷支付，支付宝，网上银行等等）

Web支付会有fraud of credit card, fragmentation of payment solution（顾客擅长的支付方式在某些购物网站或者用某些设备用不起来）的问题。

在互操作方面进行以下改进：

1) Users to choose their preferred payment solutions across all their devices; 由于操作问题/网络问题/界面问题，导致的69%的交易搁置问题。

2) Merchants to transparently support a growing number of payment solutions;

3) Developers to monetize applications more easily;

4) New payment solution providers to enter the market more easily with innovative solutions and payment schemes;

5) Society to decrease online fraud;

6) New payment models such as micropayments & paywalls （支付墙）to take-off.

7) online and in-store payments

有关工作组包括：

Credentials Community Group,关于用户个人信息的存储交换

Web Cryptography Working Group, 定义api

Web Authentication Working Group, 减少secret/password作为鉴权的方式，用以下方式

multi-factor authentication support as well as hardware-based key storage while respecting the Same Origin Policy.

Hardware Security (HaSec) Working Group：开发 hardware-based web security standard APIs to provide Web Applications with access to secure services enabled by hardware modules.

Web Bluetooth Community Group

Web NFC Community Group,  建立web友好具有web界面的NFC通讯。

payment networks (ledgers)