【MySQL】【游标】
昨天面试遇到了一个截取电话号码前三位并填充到其中一列的问题,由于之前没有用过游标,特地学习一下
表结构:
name phone result
a 13112345678
b 13212345678
c 13312345678
d 13412345678
其中result要求是
131
132
133
134
答案是:
drop procedure if exists test;
create procedure test()
begin
declare row_phone varchar(255);
declare row_result varchar(255);
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select phone,substring(phone,1,3) from t_cus;
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
open cur;
read_loop:loop
fetch cur into row_phone,row_result;
update t_cus set result=row_result where phone=row_phone;
if done then
leave read_loop;
end if;
end loop;
close cur;
end;
call test();
参考资料:https://blog.csdn.net/liguo9860/article/details/50848216
什么是游标:
游标(cursor)
一条sql语句去除了N条结果的接口就是游标,可以根据游标一次取出一行
使用游标
//1.声明/定义一个游标
declare 声明;
declare 游标名 cursor for select_statement;
//2.打开一个游标
open 打开;
open 游标名
//3.取值
fetch 取值;
fetch 游标名 into var1,var2[,…]
//4.关闭一个游标
close 关闭;
close 游标名;
测试表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7;
INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES
(1, 'android', 15),
(2, 'iphone', 14),
(3, 'iphone', 20),
(4, 'android', 5),
(5, 'android', 13),
(6, 'iphone', 13);
统计iphone的总库存是多少,并把总数输出到控制台
--在windows系统中写存储过程时,如果需要使用declare声明变量,需要添加这个关键字,否则会报错。
delimiter //
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore()
BEGIN
--创建接收游标数据的变量
declare c int;
declare n varchar(20);
--创建总数变量
declare total int default 0;
--创建结束标志变量
declare done int default false;
--创建游标
declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
--指定游标循环结束时的返回值
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
--设置初始值
set total = 0;
--打开游标
open cur;
--开始循环游标里的数据
read_loop:loop
--根据游标当前指向的一条数据
fetch cur into n,c;
--判断游标的循环是否结束
if done then
leave read_loop; --跳出游标循环
end if;
--获取一条数据时,将count值进行累加操作,这里可以做任意你想做的操作,
set total = total + c;
--结束游标循环
end loop;
--关闭游标
close cur;
--输出结果
select total;
END;
--调用存储过程
call StatisticStore();
fetch是获取游标当前指向的数据行,并将指针指向下一行,当游标已经指向最后一行时继续执行会造成游标溢出。
使用loop循环游标时,他本身是不会监控是否到最后一条数据了,像下面代码这种写法,就会造成死循环;
read_loop:loop
fetch cur into n,c;
set total = total+c;
end loop;
在MySql中,造成游标溢出时会引发mysql预定义的NOT FOUND错误,所以在上面使用下面的代码指定了当引发not found错误时定义一个continue 的事件,指定这个事件发生时修改done变量的值。
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
所以在循环时加上了下面这句代码:
--判断游标的循环是否结束
if done then
leave read_loop; --跳出游标循环
end if;
如果done的值是true,就结束循环。继续执行下面的代码。
游标有三种使用方式:
第一种就是上面的实现,使用loop循环;
第二种方式如下,使用while循环:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1()
BEGIN
declare c int;
declare n varchar(20);
declare total int default 0;
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
set total = 0;
open cur;
fetch cur into n,c;
while(not done) do
set total = total + c;
fetch cur into n,c;
end while;
close cur;
select total;
END;
call StatisticStore1();
第三种方式是使用repeat执行:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2()
BEGIN
declare c int;
declare n varchar(20);
declare total int default 0;
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
set total = 0;
open cur;
repeat
fetch cur into n,c;
if not done then
set total = total + c;
end if;
until done end repeat;
close cur;
select total;
END;
call StatisticStore2();
在mysql中,每个begin end 块都是一个独立的scope区域,由于MySql中同一个error的事件只能定义一次,如果多定义的话在编译时会提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。
游标嵌套
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3()
BEGIN
declare _n varchar(20);
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name;
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
open cur;
read_loop:loop
fetch cur into _n;
if done then
leave read_loop;
end if;
begin
declare c int;
declare n varchar(20);
declare total int default 0;
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
set total = 0;
open cur;
iphone_loop:loop
fetch cur into n,c;
if done then
leave iphone_loop;
end if;
set total = total + c;
end loop;
close cur;
select _n,n,total;
end;
begin
declare c int;
declare n varchar(20);
declare total int default 0;
declare done int default false;
declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android';
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
set total = 0;
open cur;
android_loop:loop
fetch cur into n,c;
if done then
leave android_loop;
end if;
set total = total + c;
end loop;
close cur;
select _n,n,total;
end;
begin
end;
end loop;
close cur;
END;
call StatisticStore3();
动态SQL
set @sqlStr='select * from table where condition1 = ?';
prepare s1 for @sqlStr;
--如果有多个参数用逗号分隔
execute s1 using @condition1;
--手工释放,或者是 connection 关闭时, server 自动回收
deallocate prepare s1;