java-IO操作性能对比

在软件系统中，IO速度比内存速度慢，IO读写在很多情况下会是系统的瓶颈。

在java标准IO操作中，InputStream和OutputStream提供基于流的IO操作，以字节为处理单位；Reader和Writer实现了Buffered缓存，以字符为处理单位。

从Java1.4开始，增加NIO（New IO），增加缓存Buffer和通道Channel，以块为处理单位，是双向通道（可读可写，类似RandomAccessFile），支持锁和内存映射文件访问接口，大大提升了IO速度。

以下例子简单测试常见IO操作的性能速度。

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/**   * 测试不同io操作速度   *    * @author peter_wang   * @create-time 2014-6-4 下午12:52:48   */  public class SpeedTest {       private static final String INPUT_FILE_PATH = "io_speed.txt" ;       private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_PATH = "io_speed_copy.txt" ;           /**       * @param args       */       public static void main(String[] args) {           long ioStreamTime1 = ioStreamCopy();           System.out.println( "io stream copy:" + ioStreamTime1);               long ioStreamTime2 = bufferedStreamCopy();           System.out.println( "buffered stream copy:" + ioStreamTime2);               long ioStreamTime3 = nioStreamCopy();           System.out.println( "nio stream copy:" + ioStreamTime3);                       long ioStreamTime4 = nioMemoryStreamCopy();           System.out.println( "nio memory stream copy:" + ioStreamTime4);       }           /**       * 普通文件流读写       *        * @return 操作的时间       */       private static long ioStreamCopy() {           long costTime = - 1 ;           FileInputStream is = null ;           FileOutputStream os = null ;           try {               long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);               os = new FileOutputStream(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);               int read = is.read();               while (read != - 1 ) {                   os.write(read);                   read = is.read();               }               long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               costTime = endTime - startTime;           }           catch (FileNotFoundException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           catch (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           finally {               try {                   if (is != null ) {                       is.close();                   }                   if (os != null ) {                       os.close();                   }               }               catch (IOException e) {                   e.printStackTrace();               }           }           return costTime;       }           /**       * 加入缓存的文件流读写， Reader默认实现缓存，只能读取字符文件，无法准确读取字节文件如图片视频等       *        * @return 操作的时间       */       private static long bufferedStreamCopy() {           long costTime = - 1 ;           FileReader reader = null ;           FileWriter writer = null ;           try {               long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               reader = new FileReader(INPUT_FILE_PATH);               writer = new FileWriter(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);               int read = - 1 ;               while ((read = reader.read()) != - 1 ) {                   writer.write(read);               }               writer.flush();               long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               costTime = endTime - startTime;           }           catch (FileNotFoundException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           catch (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           finally {               try {                   if (reader != null ) {                       reader.close();                   }                   if (writer != null ) {                       writer.close();                   }               }               catch (IOException e) {                   e.printStackTrace();               }           }           return costTime;       }           /**       * nio操作数据流       *        * @return 操作的时间       */       private static long nioStreamCopy() {           long costTime = - 1 ;           FileInputStream is = null ;           FileOutputStream os = null ;           FileChannel fi = null ;           FileChannel fo = null ;           try {               long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);               os = new FileOutputStream(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);               fi = is.getChannel();               fo = os.getChannel();               ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 1024 );               while ( true ) {                   buffer.clear();                   int read = fi.read(buffer);                   if (read == - 1 ) {                       break ;                   }                   buffer.flip();                   fo.write(buffer);               }               long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               costTime = endTime - startTime;           }           catch (FileNotFoundException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           catch (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           finally {               try {                   if (fi != null ) {                       fi.close();                   }                   if (fo != null ) {                       fo.close();                   }                   if (is != null ) {                       is.close();                   }                   if (os != null ) {                       os.close();                   }               }               catch (IOException e) {                   e.printStackTrace();               }           }           return costTime;       }           /**       * nio内存映射操作数据流       *        * @return 操作的时间       */       private static long nioMemoryStreamCopy() {           long costTime = - 1 ;           FileInputStream is = null ;           //映射文件输出必须用RandomAccessFile           RandomAccessFile os = null ;           FileChannel fi = null ;           FileChannel fo = null ;           try {               long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);               os = new RandomAccessFile(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH, "rw" );               fi = is.getChannel();               fo = os.getChannel();               IntBuffer iIb=fi.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0 , fi.size()).asIntBuffer();               IntBuffer oIb = fo.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0 , fo.size()).asIntBuffer();               while (iIb.hasRemaining()){                   int read = iIb.get();                   oIb.put(read);               }               long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();               costTime = endTime - startTime;           }           catch (FileNotFoundException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           catch (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           finally {               try {                   if (fi != null ) {                       fi.close();                   }                   if (fo != null ) {                       fo.close();                   }                   if (is != null ) {                       is.close();                   }                   if (os != null ) {                       os.close();                   }               }               catch (IOException e) {                   e.printStackTrace();               }           }           return costTime;       }      }

运行结果：

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io stream copy: 384  buffered stream copy: 125  nio stream copy: 12  nio memory stream copy: 10

结论分析： 最普通的InputStream操作耗时较长，增加了缓存后速度增加了，用了nio和内存映射访问文件，速度最快。