事务管理（三）——JDBC事务管理的简单实现

概述：
为了学习事务的管理，实现了如下的一个简单版本的事务管理器，进行实验。该管理器简化了事务管理的各种异常类型的考虑。

对于Transaction 管理
为了实现数据一致性，对于数据库的JDBC编程通常需要在代码中显示的调用Connection方法的事务相关API来完成工作。
常见的代码如下：

Java代码

1. publicvoiddoService(){
2. Connectionconnection=getConnection();
3. connection.setTransactionIsolation(
4. Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED);
5. try{
6. doBusinessLogic(connection);
7. connection.commit();
8. }catch(Exceptione){
9. connection.rollback();
10. }finally{
11. connection.close();
12. }
13. }

在以上的代码中与业务逻辑相关的代码只有一行， 为了简化事务的操作，实现一个简单的事务管理控制。主要提供以下方面的统一控制。
1．使用回调机制简化事务处理的代码
2．增加对事务隔离级别的支持
3．增加事务Timeout的管理，最简单的实现。 尽早发现长事务的操作。
4．对于savepoint的支持
5．实现一种事务传播控制。 如果当前存在事务，就加入该事务中执行，如果没有新建事务，放到事务中实现。

实现了该事务控制管理器后，将Service的代码得到如下的简化：

Java代码

1. privateServiceservice;
2. privateDaodao;
3. privateTransactionTemplatetransactionTemplate;
4. publicvoidservice(finalObjectobj){
5. this.trTemplate.executeTransaction(newTransactionCallback(){
6. publicObjectdoTransactionEvent(){
7. service.doService();
8. transactionTemplate.addSavePoint("savepoint1",exception1);
9. dao.saveMethod1(obj);
10. transactionTemplate.addSavePoint("savepoint2",exception2);
11. dao.saveMethod2(obj);
12. }
13. });
14. }

1. 回调的实现
定义模板类TransactionTemplate
其主要的方法就是提供模板方法对事务处理的代码进行控制：

Java代码

1. publicclassTransactionTemplate{
3. privateTransactionManagertrManager;
5. //thetimeoutmonitorisusedtofindoutalllongtimetransactioninadvance.
6. privatebooleanuseTimeoutMonitor=Boolean.TRUE;
7. privateLongmaxTime=Long.valueOf(2);
9. publicvoidaddSavePoint(StringsavePointName,ExceptionrollbackException){
10. this.trManager.addSavePoint(savePointName,rollbackException);
11. }
13. publicvoidexecuteTransaction(
14. TransactionCallbacktransactionCallback,intisolationLevel){
15. longstartTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
16. Transactiontransaction=null;
17. try{
18. transaction=trManager.beginTransaction();
19. checkTimeout(startTime);
20. transaction.setTransactionIsolationLevel(isolationLevel);
21. transactionCallback.doTransactionEvent();
22. checkTimeout(startTime);
23. trManager.commitTransaction(transaction);
24. }catch(Exceptione){
25. trManager.rollbackTransaction(transaction,e);
27. }finally{
28. trManager.closeTransaction(transaction);
29. }
31. }
33. /**
34. *Ifthetransactionistimeoutthrowatransactiontimeoutexception.
35. */
36. privatevoidcheckTimeout(longstartTime){
37. if(this.useTimeoutMonitor){
38. if(isTimeout(startTime)){
39. thrownewTransactionTimeoutException();
40. }
41. }
42. }
44. privatebooleanisTimeout(longstartTime){
45. returnSystem.currentTimeMillis()-startTime>this.maxTime;
46. }
48. publicvoidexecuteTransaction(TransactionCallbacktransactionCallback){
49. this.executeTransaction(transactionCallback,Transaction.DEFAULT_ISOLATION_LEVEL);
51. }
53. publicLonggetMaxTime(){
54. returnmaxTime;
55. }
57. publicvoidsetMaxTime(LongmaxTime){
58. this.maxTime=maxTime;
59. }
61. }

2． 回调接口的定义非常的简单：

Java代码

1. publicinterfaceTransactionCallback{
2. publicObjectdoTransactionEvent();
3. }

3． 重点Transaction类的实现，管理了Connection对象，事务隔离级别的定义，事务的savepoint控制点，以及对于事务状态的控制。

Java代码

1. publicclassTransaction{
2. publicstaticfinalintREAD_UNCOMMITTED=Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED;
3. publicstaticfinalintREAD_COMMITTED=Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
4. publicstaticfinalintREPEATALB_READ=Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ;
5. publicstaticfinalintSERIALIZE=Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE;
6. publicstaticfinalintDEFAULT_ISOLATION_LEVEL=READ_COMMITTED;
8. privateMap<Exception,Savepoint>savePoints=newHashMap<Exception,Savepoint>();
10. //Thiscountisusedtoimplementthetransactionpropagation
11. privateintnewTrCount=1;
13. Connectionconnection;
16. publicTransaction(Connectionconnection){
17. this.connection=connection;
18. }
20. publicvoidaddNewService(){
21. this.newTrCount++;
22. }
24. publicvoidcompleteService(){
25. this.newTrCount--;
26. }
28. publicbooleanisNewTransaction(){
29. returnthis.newTrCount==1;
30. }
32. /**
33. *@returntheconnection
34. */
35. publicConnectiongetConnection(){
36. returnconnection;
37. }
39. /**
40. *@paramconnectiontheconnectiontoset
41. */
42. publicvoidsetConnection(Connectionconnection){
43. this.connection=connection;
44. }
46. /**
47. *@paramtransactionIsolationLevelthetransactionIsolationLeveltoset
48. *@throwsSQLException
49. */
50. publicvoidsetTransactionIsolationLevel(inttransactionIsolationLevel)throwsSQLException{
51. this.connection.setAutoCommit(false);
52. this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(transactionIsolationLevel);
53. }
55. publicvoidaddSavepointAndRollbackException(Stringname,Exceptione)
56. throwsSQLException{
57. Savepointsavepoint=this.addSavePoint(name);
58. this.savePoints.put(e,savepoint);
59. }
61. publicbooleanisSupportSavepoint()throwsSQLException{
62. returnthis.getConnection().getMetaData().supportsSavepoints();
63. }
65. privateSavepointaddSavePoint(StringsavepointName)throwsSQLException{
66. returnthis.connection.setSavepoint(savepointName);
67. }
69. publicbooleancontainsSavepoint(){
70. return!this.savePoints.isEmpty();
71. }
73. publicSavepointgetSavePointByException(Exceptione){
74. returnthis.savePoints.get(e);
75. }
77. }

1） 对于savePoints属性记录了所有的事务的保存点，当service运行抛出Exception时，将进入rollback逻辑，这个时候，rollback方法会查找相应的Exception的保存点，将事务回滚到该保存点。
具体的保存点检查代码如下：
public void addSavepointAndRollbackException(String name, Exception e)

public boolean isSupportSavepoint() throws SQLException{}

private Savepoint addSavePoint(String savepointName) throws SQLException{}

public boolean containsSavepoint() {}

public Savepoint getSavePointByException(Exception e) {}

2） 属性newTrCount主要是用于实现事务的传播控制。当且仅当该值为1时候表示该事务是新创建的一个事务。当一个service运行的时候，如果发现当前的service线程已经有事务对象，那么这个时候就不需要再重新创建事务，只需要将原有的事务对象的计数器加1，那么相应的当该Serice运行完成才将事务减一，从而保证只有最外层的service看到的事务对象是新创建的事务对象，会执行真正的事务操作，而其他嵌套的Service对象，只是对该count进行操作。
提供了如下的三个方法方便控制：
public void addNewService(){
this.newTrCount++;
}

public void completeService(){
this.newTrCount--;
}

public boolean isNewTransaction(){
return this.newTrCount == 1;
}

4． 核心对象TransactionManager 该对象管理了Transaction对象，并且控制着事务的操作。
其代码如下

Java代码

1. publicclassTransactionManager{
3. privateConnectionManagerconnectionManager;
5. privateThreadLocal<Transaction>transactions=newThreadLocal<Transaction>();
7. publicTransactionbeginTransaction(){
8. try{
9. Transactiontr=this.transactions.get();
10. if(tr==null){
11. Connectionconnection=connectionManager.getConnection();
12. connectionManager.setTransactionActive(true);
13. tr=newTransaction(connection);
14. this.transactions.set(tr);
15. }else{
16. tr.addNewService();
17. }
18. returntr;
19. }catch(Exceptione){
20. thrownewTransactionException();
21. }
22. }
24. publicvoidcommitTransaction(Transactiontransaction){
25. try{
26. if(transaction.isNewTransaction()){
27. connectionManager.setTransactionActive(false);
28. connectionManager.commit(transaction.getConnection());
29. }
30. }catch(Exceptione){
31. thrownewTransactionException();
32. }
33. }
35. publicvoidrollbackTransaction(Transactiontransaction,Exceptione){
36. try{
37. if(transaction.isNewTransaction()){
38. connectionManager.setTransactionActive(false);
39. if(transaction.containsSavepoint()){
40. Savepointsavepoint=transaction.getSavePointByException(e);
41. if(savepoint==null){
42. connectionManager.rollback(transaction.getConnection());
43. }else{
44. connectionManager.rollback(transaction.getConnection(),savepoint);
45. }
46. }else{
47. connectionManager.rollback(transaction.getConnection());
48. }
49. }
50. }catch(Exceptione2){
51. thrownewTransactionException();
52. }
53. }
55. publicvoidcloseTransaction(Transactiontransaction){
56. try{
57. if(transaction.isNewTransaction()){
58. this.transactions.remove();
59. connectionManager.setTransactionActive(false);
60. connectionManager.releaseConnection(transaction.getConnection());
61. }else{
62. transaction.completeService();
63. }
64. }catch(Exceptione){
65. thrownewTransactionException();
66. }
69. }
71. /**
72. *@return
73. *@throwsClassNotFoundException
74. *@throwsSQLException
75. */
78. /**
79. *@returntheconnectionManager
80. */
81. publicConnectionManagergetConnectionManager(){
82. returnconnectionManager;
83. }
85. /**
86. *@paramconnectionManagertheconnectionManagertoset
87. */
88. publicvoidsetConnectionManager(ConnectionManagerconnectionManager){
89. this.connectionManager=connectionManager;
90. }
93. publicvoidaddSavePoint(StringsavePointName,ExceptionrollbackException){
94. Transactiontr=this.transactions.get();
95. if(tr==null){
96. tr=this.beginTransaction();
97. }
98. try{
99. if(!tr.isSupportSavepoint()){
100. thrownewSavePointNotSupportException();
101. }
102. tr.addSavepointAndRollbackException(savePointName,rollbackException);
103. }catch(Exceptione){
104. thrownewTransactionException();
105. }
106. }
109. }

5． ConnectionManager对象的实现

Java代码

1. publicclassConnectionManager{
3. privatestaticConnectionManagerconnectionManager=newConnectionManager();
5. ThreadLocal<Connection>threadConnection=newThreadLocal<Connection>();
7. privateConnectionManager(){}
9. publicstaticConnectionManagergetConnectionManager(){
11. returnconnectionManager;
12. }
14. privateBooleanisTransactionActive=Boolean.FALSE;
16. publicConnectiongetConnection()throwsClassNotFoundException,SQLException{
17. Connectionconnection=this.threadConnection.get();
18. if(connection==null){
19. connection=(Connection)DriverManager.getConnection(
20. "jdbc:sqlserver://10.171.30.11:1433;instanceName=nasa;databaseName=nasa2_SMS_PT;SelectMethod=cursor;characterEncoding=utf-8;autoReconnectForPools=true;autoReconnect=true",
21. "sms","sms");
22. this.threadConnection.set(connection);
23. }
24. returnconnection;
25. }
27. publicvoidreleaseConnection(Connectionconnection)throwsSQLException{
28. if(!isTransactionActive){
29. threadConnection.remove();
30. connection.close();
31. }
33. }
35. publicvoidcommit(Connectionconnection)throwsSQLException{
36. if(!isTransactionActive){
37. connection.commit();
38. }
39. }
41. publicvoidrollback(Connectionconnection)throwsSQLException{
42. if(!isTransactionActive){
43. connection.rollback();
44. }
45. }
47. publicvoidrollback(Connectionconnection,Savepointsavepoint)throwsSQLException{
48. if(!isTransactionActive){
49. connection.rollback(savepoint);
50. }
51. }
54. /**
55. *@paramisTransactionFinishedtheisTransactionFinishedtoset
56. */
57. publicvoidsetTransactionActive(BooleanisTransactionActive){
58. this.isTransactionActive=isTransactionActive;
59. }
61. }