【MATLAB图像处理2】 直方图的均衡化(附源码)

直方图的均衡化，难点在于找到一个从原图像灰度值到输出图像灰度值的映射。

 

这里映射公式和推导过程如下：

 

 

 

这个没什么多说的 直接附源码

 

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print ?

1. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
2. %函数功能：图像直方图均衡化%%%%%  
3. %作者：张小胖新欢是科研%%%%%%%%%  
4. %时间：2013.9.27%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
5. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
6. clear all;close all;clc;  
7.   
8. src=imread('D:\Documents\Desktop\lenna.JPG');         %%%%%%%读入原图像  
9.   
10. [m,n,q]=size(src);                    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算图像大小  
11.   
12. dst1=zeros(m,n);                       %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建过渡矩阵           
13. dst=dst1;                              %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建均衡化后的空图像  
14. for i=1:m  
15.     for j=1:n  
16.             dst1(i,j)=0.299*src(i,j,1)+0.587*src(i,j,2)+0.114*src(i,j,3);         %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%RGB转灰度图，常见有3种算法，用整型数字会更快  
17.     end  
18. end  
19.   
20. p1=zeros(1,256);                                     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建空矩阵存储各像素值的频数  
21. p2=zeros(1,256);  
22. P=zeros(1,256);  
23. dst1=uint8(dst1);                                       %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%将浮点型灰度图转为整型  
24. figure(1);  
25. imshow(dst1);  
26.   
27. %%%%%%%%%%%统计各像素值的频数，并存储在p1中%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
28. for i=1:m                                                                   
29.     for j=1:n  
30.            a=dst1(i,j);  
31.            p1(a+1)=p1(a+1)+1;  
32.     end  
33. end  
34. X=0:255;  
35. figure(2)  
36. subplot(1,2,1);plot(X,p1);            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%显示原图像灰度直方图  
37.   
38. p=p1/(m*n);                              %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算原图像灰度概率密度  
39.   
40.   
41. %%%%%%%%%%%%%计算原图像灰度值的分布函数%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
42. P(1)=p(1);                                 
43. for b=2:256  
44.     P(b)=P(b-1)+p(b);  
45. end  
46.   
47.   
48.   
49. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%均衡化%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
50.     for i=1:m;  
51.         for j=1:n  
52.               c=dst1(i,j);  
53.               dst(i,j)=230*P(c+1);  
54.             end   
55.     end  
56.   
57. dst=uint8(dst);  
58. figure(3);  
59. imshow(dst);  
60. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算均衡化后的直方图%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
61. for i=1:m                                                                   
62.     for j=1:n  
63.            a=dst(i,j);  
64.            p2(a+1)=p2(a+1)+1;  
65.     end  
66. end  
67. Y=0:255;  
68. figure(2)  
69. subplot(1,2,2);plot(Y,p2);    

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%函数功能：图像直方图均衡化%%%%%
%作者：张小胖新欢是科研%%%%%%%%%
%时间：2013.9.27%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
clear all;close all;clc;

src=imread('D:\Documents\Desktop\lenna.JPG');         %%%%%%%读入原图像

[m,n,q]=size(src);                    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算图像大小

dst1=zeros(m,n);                       %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建过渡矩阵         
dst=dst1;                              %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建均衡化后的空图像
for i=1:m
    for j=1:n
            dst1(i,j)=0.299*src(i,j,1)+0.587*src(i,j,2)+0.114*src(i,j,3);         %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%RGB转灰度图，常见有3种算法，用整型数字会更快
    end
end

p1=zeros(1,256);                                     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%创建空矩阵存储各像素值的频数
p2=zeros(1,256);
P=zeros(1,256);
dst1=uint8(dst1);                                       %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%将浮点型灰度图转为整型
figure(1);
imshow(dst1);

%%%%%%%%%%%统计各像素值的频数，并存储在p1中%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
for i=1:m                                                                 
    for j=1:n
           a=dst1(i,j);
           p1(a+1)=p1(a+1)+1;
    end
end
X=0:255;
figure(2)
subplot(1,2,1);plot(X,p1);            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%显示原图像灰度直方图

p=p1/(m*n);                              %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算原图像灰度概率密度


%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算原图像灰度值的分布函数%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
P(1)=p(1);                               
for b=2:256
    P(b)=P(b-1)+p(b);
end



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%均衡化%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    for i=1:m;
        for j=1:n
              c=dst1(i,j);
              dst(i,j)=230*P(c+1);
            end 
    end

dst=uint8(dst);
figure(3);
imshow(dst);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算均衡化后的直方图%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
for i=1:m                                                                 
    for j=1:n
           a=dst(i,j);
           p2(a+1)=p2(a+1)+1;
    end
end
Y=0:255;
figure(2)
subplot(1,2,2);plot(Y,p2);  

效果如下

原图

 

 

均衡化后

 

直方图对比