Service

1. 概念
   是Context的子类，没有UI界面，是在后台运行的组件。
2. 生命周期
   (1) 使用context.startService()启动
   startService()–>onCreate()–>onStart()(可多次调用)–>Service running
   stopService()–>onDestory()–>Service stop
   (2) 使用context.bindService()启动
   context.bindService()–>onCreate()–>onBind()(只一次，不可多次绑定)–>Service running
   onUnbind()–>onDestory()–>Service stop
   （《第一行代码》）

/**
 * 自定义服务，四大组件都需要注册
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class MySercice extends Service {

    private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();

    // 模拟下载
    class DownloadBinder extends Binder {
        public void startDownload() {
            Log.d("MySerice", "startDownload executed");
        }

        public void getProgress() {
            Log.d("MySerice", "getProgress executed");
            return;
        }
    }

    // 建立服务和活动的关系
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    // 服务创建时调用
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "Notification comes",
                System.currentTimeMillis());

        Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);

        notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "This is title", "This is content", pendingIntent);
        // 变为前台服务，并在系统状态栏显示出来
        startForeground(1, notification);
        Log.d("MySerice", "onCreate executed");

    }

    // 每次服务启动的时候调用
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.d("MySerice", "onStartCommand executed");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    // 服务销毁的时候调用
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d("MyService", "onDestory executed");
    }

}

MainActivity

package com.example.servicetest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    private Button startService;
    private Button stopService;
    private Button bindService;
    private Button unbindService;
    private Button startIntentService;

    private MySercice.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection Connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        // 服务解除绑定时调用
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }

        // 服务成功绑定时调用
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            downloadBinder = (MySercice.DownloadBinder) service;
            downloadBinder.startDownload();
            downloadBinder.getProgress();
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
        stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
        startService.setOnClickListener(this);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(this);

        bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
        unbindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind_service);
        bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
        unbindService.setOnClickListener(this);

        startIntentService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_intent_service);
        startIntentService.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
        case R.id.start_service:
            Intent startintent = new Intent(this, MySercice.class);
            startService(startintent);
            break;
        case R.id.stop_service:
            Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MySercice.class);
            stopService(stopIntent);
        case R.id.bind_service:
            Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MySercice.class);
            bindService(bindIntent, Connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            break;
        case R.id.unbind_service:
            unbindService(Connection);
            break;
        case R.id.start_intent_service:
            Log.d("MainActivity", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class);
            startService(intentService);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

使用IntentService:
防止出现ANR的情况

package com.example.servicetest;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {

    // 调用父类的有参构造函数
    public MyIntentService(String name) {
        super("MyIntentService");
    }

    // 处理一些具体的逻辑，不用担心ANR问题
    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        // 打印当前线程的Id
        Log.d("MyIntentService", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // 证实服务是否停掉
        Log.d("MyIntentService", "onDestory executed");
    }
}

3.Service和Thread的区分
Thread:是程序执行的最小单元，时分配CPU的基本单位，执行异步操作。
Service：是Android的一种机制。运行的时候如果是Local Service，则Service是运行在主线程的main线程上；如果是Remote，则是运行在独立进程的main线程上。
所以他俩没有任何关系。
4.判断Service是否存在的方法：

public static boolean isServiceExisted(Context context, String className) {

        ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

        List<ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo> sList = activityManager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

        if (!(sList.size() > 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < sList.size(); i++) {
            RunningServiceInfo serviceInfo = sList.get(i);
            ComponentName serviceName = serviceInfo.service;
            if (serviceName.getClassName().equals(className)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }