TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已测量级别7_高级重审1

PA 4.3 Advanced Reviews 高级重审

Purpose

The purpose of Advanced Reviews, building on the practices of the TMMi level 3 process area Peer Reviews, is to measure product quality early in the lifecycle and to enhance the test strategy and test approach by aligning peer reviews (static testing) with dynamic testing.

高级重审的目的，建立在TMMI3过程域同行重审的实践上。用来在生命周期的早期测量产品质量，以及强化测试战略和测试方法，通过同行评审使动态测试和静态测试保持一致。

Introductory Notes 简介

The definition of testing clearly states that “it is a process that encompasses of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products”. This view of testing which originates from the evolutionary test model [Gelperin and Hetzel] holds the position that testing should cover both validation and verification and include both static and dynamic analysis. In line with this view of testing, reviews are an intrinsic part of testing, serving as a verification, validation and static analysis technique. At TMMi level 4 this view is supported by a coordinated approach to manage peer reviews (static testing) and dynamic testing. A coordinated test approach covering both static and dynamic testing will typically result in both efficiency and effectiveness benefits. This expands upon the peer review process at TMMi level 3, where peer reviews are performed but are not coordinated with dynamic testing. Peer reviews, as an isolated process, are an effective way to identify defects and product risks before the actual product is built. When peer reviews and dynamic testing are coordinated, the early review results and data are used to influence the test approach. Building on the testing principle of defect clustering [Graham], the types and quantity of defects found during reviews can help to select the most effective tests, and may also influence the test approach or even the test objectives. Typically, at project milestones, the test approach is re-evaluated and updated. Peer review data should be one of the drivers for this update. At TMMi level 4, the organization sets quantitative goals for software products and related work products. Peer reviews play an essential role in achieving these goals. Whereas at TMMi level 3 peer reviews are mainly performed to find defects, the emphasis is now on measuring product (document) quality. Building on the experiences of performing peer reviews at TMMi level 3, the review practices are enhanced to include practices like sampling, applying exit criteria, and prescribing rules. To improve the reliability of the measurements, advanced defect finding techniques such as perspective-based reading [Veenendaal] are practiced. The measurement results are also used by (project) management to control product quality early in the lifecycle (see Product Quality Evaluation for more information on measuring and managing product quality).

测试的定义清晰地说明“它是一个过程，包含所有的生命周期活动，动态的和静态的，关注软件产品的计划，准备，评估和相关的工作产品”。这种测试的看法最初来自于进化测试模型持有的观点，测试应该覆盖验证和校验。并且包含动态和静态分析。本着这种测试观点，重审是测试先天的一部分。作为一种校验，验证和动态测试。一种协调的测试方法覆盖动态和静态测试通常会带来效率和效益的好处。它扩展了同行评审过程。这tmmi3.同行评审被执行但不是和动态测试协调的。同行重审，作为一个独立的过程，是一泓高效的方式来验证缺陷和产品风险，在实际产品被建成之前。当同行评审和动态测试协调，早期重审结果和数据将会影响测试方法。基于缺陷聚类的测试原则。重审过程中发现的缺陷种类和数量将会帮助选择最有效的测试，同事会影响测试方法和测试目标。通常来说，在项目里程碑，测试方法被重新评估和更新。同行拍摄恩数据被这个更新的驱动力，在tmmi4.组织为软件产品和工作产品设置了大量的目标。同行评审扮演了必要的角色来达到这些目标。无论在TMMI3那个阶段，同行评审被主要操作来发现缺陷。现在强调点在测量产品质量。建立在执行同行评审的经验上。重审的实践被强化来包含实践比如，抽样，应用退出标准，订阅规则。 为了提高测量的可靠性，高级缺陷发现技术，比如透视阅读被实践。测量结果被使用来来控制产品质量，在生命周期的早期。

Scope 范围

The Advanced Review process area builds on the practices of the TMMi level 3 Peer Reviews process area. It covers the practices for establishing a coordinated test approach between peer reviews and dynamic testing and the use of peer review results and data to optimize the test approach. At TMMi maturity level 4, peer reviews are fully integrated with the dynamic testing process, e.g., part of the test strategy, test plan and test approach. The Advanced Review process area also covers the practices that facilitate the shift from peer reviews as a defect detection technique to a product quality measurement technique in line with the process area Product Quality Evaluation. These practices include document sampling, definition of rules, strict exit criteria and perspective-based reading.

高级重审过程域建立在TMMI3结对重审过程域实践的基础上。它覆盖了下面两个实践：建立一个协调的测试方法在动态测试和同行评审，使用同行评审结果和数据来优化测试方法。在tmmi4，同行评审被充分集成到动态测试流程，比如，测试战略，测试计划，测试方法的一部分，高级评审过程域覆盖了实践促进提升同行评审作为一个缺陷发现的技术到产品质量测量技术，与过程域产品质量评估保持一致。这些实践包含文档抽样，定义规则，严格出标准和透视阅读。

Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定实践和目标汇总

SG 1 Coordinate the Peer Review Approach with the Dynamic Test Approach 协调同行评审方法和动态测试方法

SP 1.1 Relate work products to items and features to be tested SP 1.2 Define a coordinated test approach

1.要测试的功能项目的相关工作产品。2.定义协调的测试方法

SG 2 Measure Product Quality Early in the Lifecycle by Means of Peer Reviews 测量产品质量在生命周期早期，通过同行评审

SP 2.1 Define peer review measurement guidelines SP 2.2 Define peer review criteria based on product quality goals SP 2.3 Measure work product quality using peer reviews

1.定义同行评审测量指导，2.定义同行评审标准，基于产品质量目标，3.测量工作产品质量使用同行评审

SG 3 Adjust the Test Approach Based on Review Results Early in the Lifecycle 纠正测试方法基于生命周期早期的重审结果。

SP 3.1 Analyze peer review results SP 3.2 Revise the products risks as appropriate SP 3.3 Revise the test approach as appropriate

1. 分析同行评审结果。2. 修改产品风险。3， 修改测试方法