之前碰到论坛里有几个好友，说程序不时的崩溃，什么xxoo不能read的！ 如果光要是这个内存地址，估计你会疯掉~~
所以分享一下基本的调试技巧，需要准备的工具有WinDbg + VC6.0，
下面是自己整理的一份自动生成DUMP文件的源代码，只需要添加到工程即可，源代码如下：
MiniDump.h
- #include <windows.h>
- #include <tlhelp32.h>
- //#include "dbghelp.h"
- //#define DEBUG_DPRINTF 1 //allow d()
- //#include "wfun.h"
- #pragma optimize("y", off) //generate stack frame pointers for all functions - same as /Oy- in the project
- #pragma warning(disable: 4200) //nonstandard extension used : zero-sized array in struct/union
- #pragma warning(disable: 4100) //unreferenced formal parameter
- /*BOOL WINAPI Get_Module_By_Ret_Addr(PBYTE Ret_Addr, PCHAR Module_Name, PBYTE & Module_Addr);
- int WINAPI Get_Call_Stack(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException, PCHAR Str);
- int WINAPI Get_Version_Str(PCHAR Str);
- PCHAR WINAPI Get_Exception_Info(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException);
- void WINAPI Create_Dump(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException, BOOL File_Flag, BOOL Show_Flag);*/
- // In case you don't have dbghelp.h.
- #ifndef _DBGHELP_
- typedef struct _MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION {
- DWORD ThreadId;
- PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionPointers;
- BOOL ClientPointers;
- } MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION, *PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION;
- typedef enum _MINIDUMP_TYPE {
- MiniDumpNormal = 0x00000000,
- MiniDumpWithDataSegs = 0x00000001,
- } MINIDUMP_TYPE;
- typedef BOOL (WINAPI * MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP)(
- IN HANDLE hProcess,
- IN DWORD ProcessId,
- IN HANDLE hFile,
- IN MINIDUMP_TYPE DumpType,
- IN CONST PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam, OPTIONAL
- IN PVOID UserStreamParam, OPTIONAL
- IN PVOID CallbackParam OPTIONAL
- );
- #else
- typedef BOOL (WINAPI * MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP)(
- IN HANDLE hProcess,
- IN DWORD ProcessId,
- IN HANDLE hFile,
- IN MINIDUMP_TYPE DumpType,
- IN CONST PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam, OPTIONAL
- IN PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION UserStreamParam, OPTIONAL
- IN PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION CallbackParam OPTIONAL
- );
- #endif //#ifndef _DBGHELP_
- // Tool Help functions.
- typedef HANDLE (WINAPI * CREATE_TOOL_HELP32_SNAPSHOT)(DWORD dwFlags, DWORD th32ProcessID);
- typedef BOOL (WINAPI * MODULE32_FIRST)(HANDLE hSnapshot, LPMODULEENTRY32 lpme);
- typedef BOOL (WINAPI * MODULE32_NEST)(HANDLE hSnapshot, LPMODULEENTRY32 lpme);
- extern void WINAPI Create_Dump(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException, BOOL File_Flag, BOOL Show_Flag);
- extern HMODULE hDbgHelp;
- extern MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP MiniDumpWriteDump_;
- extern CREATE_TOOL_HELP32_SNAPSHOT CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_;
- extern MODULE32_FIRST Module32First_;
- extern MODULE32_NEST Module32Next_;
MiniDump.cpp
- /*
- Author: Vladimir Sedach.
- Purpose: demo of Call Stack creation by our own means,
- and with MiniDumpWriteDump() function of DbgHelp.dll.
- */
- #include "StdAfx.h"
- #include "MiniDump.h"
- #include <Shlwapi.h>
- #pragma comment(lib,"shlwapi.lib")
- HMODULE hDbgHelp;
- MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP MiniDumpWriteDump_;
- CREATE_TOOL_HELP32_SNAPSHOT CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_;
- MODULE32_FIRST Module32First_;
- MODULE32_NEST Module32Next_;
- #define DUMP_SIZE_MAX 8000 //max size of our dump
- #define CALL_TRACE_MAX ((DUMP_SIZE_MAX - 2000) / (MAX_PATH + 40)) //max number of traced calls
- #define NL "\r\n" //new line
- extern CString GetExePath();
- //****************************************************************************************
- BOOL WINAPI Get_Module_By_Ret_Addr(PBYTE Ret_Addr, PCHAR Module_Name, PBYTE & Module_Addr)
- //****************************************************************************************
- // Find module by Ret_Addr (address in the module).
- // Return Module_Name (full path) and Module_Addr (start address).
- // Return TRUE if found.
- {
- MODULEENTRY32 M = {sizeof(M)};
- HANDLE hSnapshot;
- Module_Name[0] = 0;
- if (CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_)
- {
- hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_(TH32CS_SNAPMODULE, 0);
- if ((hSnapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) &&
- Module32First_(hSnapshot, &M))
- {
- do
- {
- if (DWORD(Ret_Addr - M.modBaseAddr) < M.modBaseSize)
- {
- lstrcpyn(Module_Name, M.szExePath, MAX_PATH);
- Module_Addr = M.modBaseAddr;
- break;
- }
- } while (Module32Next_(hSnapshot, &M));
- }
- CloseHandle(hSnapshot);
- }
- return !!Module_Name[0];
- } //Get_Module_By_Ret_Addr
- //******************************************************************
- int WINAPI Get_Call_Stack(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException, PCHAR Str)
- //******************************************************************
- // Fill Str with call stack info.
- // pException can be either GetExceptionInformation() or NULL.
- // If pException = NULL - get current call stack.
- {
- CHAR Module_Name[MAX_PATH];
- PBYTE Module_Addr = 0;
- PBYTE Module_Addr_1;
- int Str_Len;
- typedef struct STACK
- {
- STACK * Ebp;
- PBYTE Ret_Addr;
- DWORD Param[0];
- } STACK, * PSTACK;
- STACK Stack = {0, 0};
- PSTACK Ebp;
- if (pException) //fake frame for exception address
- {
- Stack.Ebp = (PSTACK)pException->ContextRecord->Ebp;
- Stack.Ret_Addr = (PBYTE)pException->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress;
- Ebp = &Stack;
- }
- else
- {
- Ebp = (PSTACK)&pException - 1; //frame addr of Get_Call_Stack()
- // Skip frame of Get_Call_Stack().
- if (!IsBadReadPtr(Ebp, sizeof(PSTACK)))
- Ebp = Ebp->Ebp; //caller ebp
- }
- Str[0] = 0;
- Str_Len = 0;
- // Trace CALL_TRACE_MAX calls maximum - not to exceed DUMP_SIZE_MAX.
- // Break trace on wrong stack frame.
- for (int Ret_Addr_I = 0;
- (Ret_Addr_I < CALL_TRACE_MAX) && !IsBadReadPtr(Ebp, sizeof(PSTACK)) && !IsBadCodePtr(FARPROC(Ebp->Ret_Addr));
- Ret_Addr_I++, Ebp = Ebp->Ebp)
- {
- // If module with Ebp->Ret_Addr found.
- if (Get_Module_By_Ret_Addr(Ebp->Ret_Addr, Module_Name, Module_Addr_1))
- {
- if (Module_Addr_1 != Module_Addr) //new module
- {
- // Save module's address and full path.
- Module_Addr = Module_Addr_1;
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "%08X %s", Module_Addr, Module_Name);
- }
- // Save call offset.
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL " +%08X", Ebp->Ret_Addr - Module_Addr);
- // Save 5 params of the call. We don't know the real number of params.
- if (pException && !Ret_Addr_I) //fake frame for exception address
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, " Exception Offset");
- else if (!IsBadReadPtr(Ebp, sizeof(PSTACK) + 5 * sizeof(DWORD)))
- {
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, " (%X, %X, %X, %X, %X)",
- Ebp->Param[0], Ebp->Param[1], Ebp->Param[2], Ebp->Param[3], Ebp->Param[4]);
- }
- }
- else
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "%08X", Ebp->Ret_Addr);
- }
- return Str_Len;
- } //Get_Call_Stack
- //***********************************
- int WINAPI Get_Version_Str(PCHAR Str)
- //***********************************
- // Fill Str with Windows version.
- {
- OSVERSIONINFOEX V = {sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX)}; //EX for NT 5.0 and later
- if (!GetVersionEx((POSVERSIONINFO)&V))
- {
- ZeroMemory(&V, sizeof(V));
- V.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);
- GetVersionEx((POSVERSIONINFO)&V);
- }
- if (V.dwPlatformId != VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
- V.dwBuildNumber = LOWORD(V.dwBuildNumber); //for 9x HIWORD(dwBuildNumber) = 0x04xx
- return wsprintf(Str,
- NL "Windows: %d.%d.%d, SP %d.%d, Product Type %d", //SP - service pack, Product Type - VER_NT_WORKSTATION,...
- V.dwMajorVersion, V.dwMinorVersion, V.dwBuildNumber, V.wServicePackMajor, V.wServicePackMinor/*, V.wProductType*/);
- } //Get_Version_Str
- //*************************************************************
- PCHAR WINAPI Get_Exception_Info(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException)
- //*************************************************************
- // Allocate Str[DUMP_SIZE_MAX] and return Str with dump, if !pException - just return call stack in Str.
- {
- PCHAR Str;
- int Str_Len;
- int i;
- CHAR Module_Name[MAX_PATH];
- PBYTE Module_Addr;
- HANDLE hFile;
- FILETIME Last_Write_Time;
- FILETIME Local_File_Time;
- SYSTEMTIME T;
- Str = new CHAR[DUMP_SIZE_MAX];
- if (!Str)
- return NULL;
- Str_Len = 0;
- Str_Len += Get_Version_Str(Str + Str_Len);
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "Process: ");
- GetModuleFileName(NULL, Str + Str_Len, MAX_PATH);
- Str_Len = lstrlen(Str);
- // If exception occurred.
- if (pException)
- {
- EXCEPTION_RECORD & E = *pException->ExceptionRecord;
- CONTEXT & C = *pException->ContextRecord;
- // If module with E.ExceptionAddress found - save its path and date.
- if (Get_Module_By_Ret_Addr((PBYTE)E.ExceptionAddress, Module_Name, Module_Addr))
- {
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL "Module: %s", Module_Name);
- if ((hFile = CreateFile(Module_Name, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
- FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
- {
- if (GetFileTime(hFile, NULL, NULL, &Last_Write_Time))
- {
- FileTimeToLocalFileTime(&Last_Write_Time, &Local_File_Time);
- FileTimeToSystemTime(&Local_File_Time, &T);
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL "Date Modified: %02d/%02d/%d",
- T.wMonth, T.wDay, T.wYear);
- }
- CloseHandle(hFile);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL "Exception Addr: %08X", E.ExceptionAddress);
- }
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL "Exception Code: %08X", E.ExceptionCode);
- if (E.ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION)
- {
- // Access violation type - Write/Read.
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len,
- NL "%s Address: %08X",
- (E.ExceptionInformation[0]) ? "Write" : "Read", E.ExceptionInformation[1]);
- }
- // Save instruction that caused exception.
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "Instruction: ");
- for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, " %02X", PBYTE(E.ExceptionAddress)[i]);
- // Save registers at exception.
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "Registers:");
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "EAX: %08X EBX: %08X ECX: %08X EDX: %08X", C.Eax, C.Ebx, C.Ecx, C.Edx);
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "ESI: %08X EDI: %08X ESP: %08X EBP: %08X", C.Esi, C.Edi, C.Esp, C.Ebp);
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "EIP: %08X EFlags: %08X", C.Eip, C.EFlags);
- } //if (pException)
- // Save call stack info.
- Str_Len += wsprintf(Str + Str_Len, NL "Call Stack:");
- Get_Call_Stack(pException, Str + Str_Len);
- if (Str[0] == NL[0])
- lstrcpy(Str, Str + sizeof(NL) - 1);
- return Str;
- } //Get_Exception_Info
- //*************************************************************************************
- void WINAPI Create_Dump(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pException, BOOL File_Flag, BOOL Show_Flag)
- //*************************************************************************************
- // Create dump.
- // pException can be either GetExceptionInformation() or NULL.
- // If File_Flag = TRUE - write dump files (.dmz and .dmp) with the name of the current process.
- // If Show_Flag = TRUE - show message with Get_Exception_Info() dump.
- {
- HANDLE hDump_File;
- PCHAR Str;
- DWORD Bytes;
- DWORD nLen = 0;
- CString strDir,strTXTFile,strDMPFile;
- CString strDate,strTotal;
- CTime tm = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
- strDir.Format(_T("%s\\Log"),GetExePath());
- strTXTFile.Format(_T("%s\\Log\\%04d-%02d-%02d %02d%02d%02d.txt"),GetExePath(),tm.GetYear(),tm.GetMonth(),
- tm.GetDay(),tm.GetHour(),tm.GetMinute(),tm.GetSecond());
- strDMPFile.Format(_T("%s\\Log\\%04d-%02d-%02d %02d%02d%02d.dmp"),GetExePath(),tm.GetYear(),tm.GetMonth(),
- tm.GetDay(),tm.GetHour(),tm.GetMinute(),tm.GetSecond());
- if(!PathFileExists(strDir))
- CreateDirectory(strDir,NULL);
- Str = Get_Exception_Info(pException);
- //if (Show_Flag && Str)
- // MessageBox(NULL, Str, "MiniDump", MB_ICONHAND | MB_OK);
- if (File_Flag)
- {
- if (Str)
- {
- hDump_File = CreateFile(strTXTFile,
- GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
- nLen = lstrlen(Str);
- Str[nLen] = '\0';
- WriteFile(hDump_File, Str, lstrlen(Str) + 1, &Bytes, NULL);
- CloseHandle(hDump_File);
- }
- // If MiniDumpWriteDump() of DbgHelp.dll available.
- if (MiniDumpWriteDump_)
- {
- MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION M;
- M.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
- M.ExceptionPointers = pException;
- M.ClientPointers = 0;
- hDump_File = CreateFile(strDMPFile,
- GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
- MiniDumpWriteDump_(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentProcessId(), hDump_File,
- MiniDumpNormal, (pException) ? &M : NULL, NULL, NULL);
- CloseHandle(hDump_File);
- }
- } //if (File_Flag)
- delete Str;
- } //Create_Dump
具体参考方法如下：
1、在CXXDlg::OnInitDialog()中添加这样一段：
- SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(CrashReportEx);
- HMODULE hKernel32;
- // Try to get MiniDumpWriteDump() address.
- hDbgHelp = LoadLibrary("DBGHELP.DLL");
- MiniDumpWriteDump_ = (MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP)GetProcAddress(hDbgHelp, "MiniDumpWriteDump");
- // d("hDbgHelp=%X, MiniDumpWriteDump_=%X", hDbgHelp, MiniDumpWriteDump_);
- // Try to get Tool Help library functions.
- hKernel32 = GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32");
- CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_ = (CREATE_TOOL_HELP32_SNAPSHOT)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "CreateToolhelp32Snapshot");
- Module32First_ = (MODULE32_FIRST)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "Module32First");
- Module32Next_ = (MODULE32_NEST)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "Module32Next");
测试代码如下：
- class CTestDlg : public CDialog
- {
- // Construction
- public:
- CTestDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor
- void Fun1(char *pszBuffer);
- void Fun2(char *pszBuffer);
- void Fun3(char *pszBuffer);
- };
- void CTestDlg::Fun1(char *pszBuffer)
- {
- Fun2(pszBuffer);
- }
- void CTestDlg::Fun2(char *pszBuffer)
- {
- Fun3(pszBuffer);
- }
- void CTestDlg::Fun3(char *pszBuffer)
- {
- pszBuffer[1] = 0x00;
- }
我们在双击确定按钮时的响应代码如下：
- void CTestDlg::OnOK()
- {
- // TODO: Add extra validation here
- Fun1(NULL);
- }
2、设置VC编译选项，勾选生成MAP和Debug Info:
3、将编译生成的Release目录中的pdb、map文件保存起来，以后调试会用到：
4、运行程序，单击确定按钮出现异常后自动重启，并创建一个Log文件夹，里面生成dump文件:
5、我们打开WinDbg，设置一下pdb路径(File \ Symbol File Path)：
6、用WiinDbg打开dump文件（File \ Open Crash Dump）
7、输入命令!analyze -v，等待几秒后会打印出错误信息，函数调用栈如下图：
OK ，这样我们就能在发布版本的程序中，准确的定位到哪个函数出了问题，所以发布程序时，一定要记得生成pdb、map文件，不然客户运行出错的话，你不死也残！
测试工程下载地址：
http://download.csdn.net/source/3575167
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