Linux 2.6.25中的select系统调用
主要有4个函数:
sys_select:处理时间参数,调用core_sys_select。
core_sys_select:处理三个fd_set参数,调用do_select。
do_select:做select/poll的工作。在合适的时机把自己挂起等待,调用sock_poll。
sock_poll:用函数指针分派到具体的协议层函数tcp_poll、udp_poll、datagram_poll。
层层分工明确,我也要多学习这种方式啊。
其他重要函数一览
static int max_select_fd(unsigned long n, fd_set_bits *fds)
返回在fd_set中已经打开的,并且小于用户指定最大值,的fd
static inline int get_fd_set(unsigned long nr, void __user *ufdset, unsigned long *fdset)
从用户空间拷贝fd_set到内核
static inline void zero_fd_set(unsigned long nr, unsigned long *fdset)
把fd_set清零
static inline unsigned long __must_check set_fd_set(unsigned long nr, void __user *ufdset, unsigned long *fdset)
把fd_set拷贝回用户空间
static inline int signal_pending(struct task_struct *p)
目前进程有信号需要处理
struct file *fget_light(unsigned int fd, int *fput_needed)
由fd得到其对应的file结构指针,并增加其引用计数
static inline void fput_light(struct file *file, int fput_needed)
释放由fget_light得到的file结构指针,减少其引用计数
set_current_state
设置当前进程的状态
static inline int cond_resched(void)
判断是否有进程需要抢占当前进程,如果是将立即发生调度。就是额外增加一个抢占点。
signed long __sched schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
当前进程睡眠timeout个jiffies
rcu_read_lock
rcu_read_unlock
Linux 2.6新加入的rcu锁。读锁的加锁、解锁函数
参考http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rcu
poll_freewait
poll_initwait
poll_wait
...
和文件IO,poll机制有关的几个函数,参考《Linux设备驱动(第三版)》6.3
tcp_poll
udp_poll
datagram_poll
协议层的poll函数
主要有4个函数:
sys_select:处理时间参数,调用core_sys_select。
core_sys_select:处理三个fd_set参数,调用do_select。
do_select:做select/poll的工作。在合适的时机把自己挂起等待,调用sock_poll。
sock_poll:用函数指针分派到具体的协议层函数tcp_poll、udp_poll、datagram_poll。
层层分工明确,我也要多学习这种方式啊。
- /*
- sys_select(fs/select.c)
- 处理了超时值(如果有),将struct timeval转换成了时钟周期数,调用core_sys_select,然后检查剩余时间,处理时间
- */
- asmlinkage long sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp,
- fd_set __user *exp, struct timeval __user *tvp)
- {
- s64 timeout = -1;
- struct timeval tv;
- int ret;
- if (tvp) {/*如果有超时值*/
- if (copy_from_user(&tv, tvp, sizeof(tv)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if (tv.tv_sec < 0 || tv.tv_usec < 0)/*时间无效*/
- return -EINVAL;
- /* Cast to u64 to make GCC stop complaining */
- if ((u64)tv.tv_sec >= (u64)MAX_INT64_SECONDS)
- timeout = -1; /* 无限等待*/
- else {
- timeout = DIV_ROUND_UP(tv.tv_usec, USEC_PER_SEC/HZ);
- timeout += tv.tv_sec * HZ;/*计算出超时的相对时间,单位为时钟周期数*/
- }
- }
- /*主要工作都在core_sys_select中做了*/
- ret = core_sys_select(n, inp, outp, exp, &timeout);
- if (tvp) {/*如果有超时值*/
- struct timeval rtv;
- if (current->personality & STICKY_TIMEOUTS)/*模拟bug的一个机制,不详细描述*/
- goto sticky;
- /*rtv中是剩余的时间*/
- rtv.tv_usec = jiffies_to_usecs(do_div((*(u64*)&timeout), HZ));
- rtv.tv_sec = timeout;
- if (timeval_compare(&rtv, &tv) >= 0)/*如果core_sys_select超时返回,更新时间*/
- rtv = tv;
- /*拷贝更新后的时间到用户空间*/
- if (copy_to_user(tvp, &rtv, sizeof(rtv))) {
- sticky:
- /*
- * If an application puts its timeval in read-only
- * memory, we don't want the Linux-specific update to
- * the timeval to cause a fault after the select has
- * completed successfully. However, because we're not
- * updating the timeval, we can't restart the system
- * call.
- */
- if (ret == -ERESTARTNOHAND)/*ERESTARTNOHAND表明,被中断的系统调用*/
- ret = -EINTR;
- }
- }
- return ret;
- }
- /*core_sys_select
- 为do_select准备好了位图,然后调用do_select,将返回的结果集,返回到用户空间
- */
- static int core_sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp,
- fd_set __user *exp, s64 *timeout)
- {
- fd_set_bits fds;
- void *bits;
- int ret, max_fds;
- unsigned int size;
- struct fdtable *fdt;
- /* Allocate small arguments on the stack to save memory and be faster */
- /*SELECT_STACK_ALLOC 定义为256*/
- long stack_fds[SELECT_STACK_ALLOC/sizeof(long)];
- ret = -EINVAL;
- if (n < 0)
- goto out_nofds;
- /* max_fds can increase, so grab it once to avoid race */
- rcu_read_lock();
- fdt = files_fdtable(current->files);/*获取当前进程的文件描述符表*/
- max_fds = fdt->max_fds;
- rcu_read_unlock();
- if (n > max_fds)/*修正用户传入的第一个参数:fd_set中文件描述符的最大值*/
- n = max_fds;
- /*
- * We need 6 bitmaps (in/out/ex for both incoming and outgoing),
- * since we used fdset we need to allocate memory in units of
- * long-words.
- */
- /*
- 如果stack_fds数组的大小不能容纳下所有的fd_set,就用kmalloc重新分配一个大数组。
- 然后将位图平均分成份,并初始化fds结构
- */
- size = FDS_BYTES(n);
- bits = stack_fds;
- if (size > sizeof(stack_fds) / 6) {
- /* Not enough space in on-stack array; must use kmalloc */
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- bits = kmalloc(6 * size, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!bits)
- goto out_nofds;
- }
- fds.in = bits;
- fds.out = bits + size;
- fds.ex = bits + 2*size;
- fds.res_in = bits + 3*size;
- fds.res_out = bits + 4*size;
- fds.res_ex = bits + 5*size;
- /*get_fd_set仅仅调用copy_from_user从用户空间拷贝了fd_set*/
- if ((ret = get_fd_set(n, inp, fds.in)) ||
- (ret = get_fd_set(n, outp, fds.out)) ||
- (ret = get_fd_set(n, exp, fds.ex)))
- goto out;
- zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_in);
- zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_out);
- zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_ex);
- /*
- 接力棒传给了do_select
- */
- ret = do_select(n, &fds, timeout);
- if (ret < 0)
- goto out;
- /*do_select返回,是一种异常状态*/
- if (!ret) {
- /*记得上面的sys_select不?将ERESTARTNOHAND转换成了EINTR并返回。EINTR表明系统调用被中断*/
- ret = -ERESTARTNOHAND;
- if (signal_pending(current))/*当当前进程有信号要处理时,signal_pending返回真,这符合了EINTR的语义*/
- goto out;
- ret = 0;
- }
- /*把结果集,拷贝回用户空间*/
- if (set_fd_set(n, inp, fds.res_in) ||
- set_fd_set(n, outp, fds.res_out) ||
- set_fd_set(n, exp, fds.res_ex))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- out:
- if (bits != stack_fds)
- kfree(bits);/*对应上面的kmalloc*/
- out_nofds:
- return ret;
- }
- /*do_select
- 真正的select在此,遍历了所有的fd,调用对应的xxx_poll函数
- */
- int do_select(int n, fd_set_bits *fds, s64 *timeout)
- {
- struct poll_wqueues table;
- poll_table *wait;
- int retval, i;
- rcu_read_lock();
- /*根据已经打开fd的位图检查用户打开的fd, 要求对应fd必须打开, 并且返回最大的fd*/
- retval = max_select_fd(n, fds);
- rcu_read_unlock();
- if (retval < 0)
- return retval;
- n = retval;
- /*将当前进程放入自已的等待队列table, 并将该等待队列加入到该测试表wait*/
- poll_initwait(&table);
- wait = &table.pt;
- if (!*timeout)
- wait = NULL;
- retval = 0;
- for (;;) {/*死循环*/
- unsigned long *rinp, *routp, *rexp, *inp, *outp, *exp;
- long __timeout;
- /*注意:可中断的睡眠状态*/
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- inp = fds->in; outp = fds->out; exp = fds->ex;
- rinp = fds->res_in; routp = fds->res_out; rexp = fds->res_ex;
- for (i = 0; i < n; ++rinp, ++routp, ++rexp) {/*遍历所有fd*/
- unsigned long in, out, ex, all_bits, bit = 1, mask, j;
- unsigned long res_in = 0, res_out = 0, res_ex = 0;
- const struct file_operations *f_op = NULL;
- struct file *file = NULL;
- in = *inp++; out = *outp++; ex = *exp++;
- all_bits = in | out | ex;
- if (all_bits == 0) {
- /*
- __NFDBITS定义为(8 * sizeof(unsigned long)),即long的位数。
- 因为一个long代表了__NFDBITS位,所以跳到下一个位图i要增加__NFDBITS
- */
- i += __NFDBITS;
- continue;
- }
- for (j = 0; j < __NFDBITS; ++j, ++i, bit <<= 1) {
- int fput_needed;
- if (i >= n)
- break;
- /*测试每一位*/
- if (!(bit & all_bits))
- continue;
- /*得到file结构指针,并增加引用计数字段f_count*/
- file = fget_light(i, &fput_needed);
- if (file) {
- f_op = file->f_op;
- mask = DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
- /*对于socket描述符,f_op->poll对应的函数是sock_poll
- 注意第三个参数是等待队列,在poll成功后会将本进程唤醒执行*/
- if (f_op && f_op->poll)
- mask = (*f_op->poll)(file, retval ? NULL : wait);
- /*释放file结构指针,实际就是减小他的一个引用计数字段f_count*/
- fput_light(file, fput_needed);
- /*根据poll的结果设置状态,要返回select出来的fd数目,所以retval++。
- 注意:retval是in out ex三个集合的总和*/
- if ((mask & POLLIN_SET) && (in & bit)) {
- res_in |= bit;
- retval++;
- }
- if ((mask & POLLOUT_SET) && (out & bit)) {
- res_out |= bit;
- retval++;
- }
- if ((mask & POLLEX_SET) && (ex & bit)) {
- res_ex |= bit;
- retval++;
- }
- }
- /*
- 注意前面的set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- 因为已经进入TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE状态,所以cond_resched回调度其他进程来运行,
- 这里的目的纯粹是为了增加一个抢占点。被抢占后,由等待队列机制唤醒。
- 在支持抢占式调度的内核中(定义了CONFIG_PREEMPT),cond_resched是空操作
- */
- cond_resched();
- }
- /*根据poll的结果写回到输出位图里*/
- if (res_in)
- *rinp = res_in;
- if (res_out)
- *routp = res_out;
- if (res_ex)
- *rexp = res_ex;
- }
- wait = NULL;
- if (retval || !*timeout || signal_pending(current))/*signal_pending前面说过了*/
- break;
- if(table.error) {
- retval = table.error;
- break;
- }
- if (*timeout < 0) {
- /*无限等待*/
- __timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
- } else if (unlikely(*timeout >= (s64)MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT - 1)) {
- /* 时间超过MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT,即schedule_timeout允许的最大值,用一个循环来不断减少超时值*/
- __timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT - 1;
- *timeout -= __timeout;
- } else {
- /*等待一段时间*/
- __timeout = *timeout;
- *timeout = 0;
- }
- /*TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE状态下,调用schedule_timeout的进程会在收到信号后重新得到调度的机会,
- 即schedule_timeout返回,并返回剩余的时钟周期数
- */
- __timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);
- if (*timeout >= 0)
- *timeout += __timeout;
- }
- /*设置为运行状态*/
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- /*清理等待队列*/
- poll_freewait(&table);
- return retval;
- }
- static unsigned int sock_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
- {
- struct socket *sock;
- /*约定socket的file->private_data字段放着对应的socket结构指针*/
- sock = file->private_data;
- /*对应了三个协议的函数tcp_poll,udp_poll,datagram_poll,其中udp_poll几乎直接调用了datagram_poll
- 累了,先休息一下,这三个函数以后分析*/
- return sock->ops->poll(file, sock, wait);
- }
其他重要函数一览
static int max_select_fd(unsigned long n, fd_set_bits *fds)
返回在fd_set中已经打开的,并且小于用户指定最大值,的fd
static inline int get_fd_set(unsigned long nr, void __user *ufdset, unsigned long *fdset)
从用户空间拷贝fd_set到内核
static inline void zero_fd_set(unsigned long nr, unsigned long *fdset)
把fd_set清零
static inline unsigned long __must_check set_fd_set(unsigned long nr, void __user *ufdset, unsigned long *fdset)
把fd_set拷贝回用户空间
static inline int signal_pending(struct task_struct *p)
目前进程有信号需要处理
struct file *fget_light(unsigned int fd, int *fput_needed)
由fd得到其对应的file结构指针,并增加其引用计数
static inline void fput_light(struct file *file, int fput_needed)
释放由fget_light得到的file结构指针,减少其引用计数
set_current_state
设置当前进程的状态
static inline int cond_resched(void)
判断是否有进程需要抢占当前进程,如果是将立即发生调度。就是额外增加一个抢占点。
signed long __sched schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
当前进程睡眠timeout个jiffies
rcu_read_lock
rcu_read_unlock
Linux 2.6新加入的rcu锁。读锁的加锁、解锁函数
参考http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rcu
poll_freewait
poll_initwait
poll_wait
...
和文件IO,poll机制有关的几个函数,参考《Linux设备驱动(第三版)》6.3
tcp_poll
udp_poll
datagram_poll
协议层的poll函数