Ubuntu 16.04 pxe自动安装后配置静态IP

        关于Ubuntu pxe启动及自动化安装请查看Ubuntu16.04桌面版pxe启动实现自动安装；

        本博客只介绍方法及大致步骤，提供思路，实际操作需要一定的基础；不明白的可以google及百度；

        远程安装完成后往往需要配置为静态IP，以方便ssh登录等其他操作；Ubuntu 16.04 desktop版本通过修改preseed.cfg尝试无法配置为静态IP，故通过修改安装镜像实现；大致步骤如下：

1、挂载ISO镜像；

2、修改casper/initrd.lz;

1. mkdir temp  # 创建存储内容的临时文件
2. cp initrd.lz temp/initrd.lzma # 改名initrd为lzma后缀
3. cd temp
4. lzma -d initrd.lzma 
5. cpio -id < initrd # 解压出文件
6. 修改temp/scripts/casper-bottom/23networking文件(内容见后)
7. cd temp# 
8. find . |cpio --quiet --dereference -o -H newc>../initrd
9. cd ..
10. lzma -7 initrd  (等待一会儿……）
11. mv initrd.lzma initrd.lz

#! /bin/sh

PREREQ=""
DESCRIPTION="Preconfiguring networking..."
IFFILE="/root/etc/network/interfaces"

prereqs()
{
       echo "$PREREQ"
}

case $1 in
# get pre-requisites
prereqs)
       prereqs
       exit 0
       ;;
esac

. /scripts/casper-functions

log_begin_msg "$DESCRIPTION"

if [ "${STATICIP}" = "frommedia" -a -e  "$IFFILE" ] ; then
    # will use existent /etc/network/interfaces
    log_end_msg
    exit 0
fi

cat > "$IFFILE" <<EOF
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

EOF

udevadm trigger
udevadm settle

if [ -z "${NETBOOT}" -a -n "${STATICIP}" -a "${STATICIP}" != "frommedia" ]; then
    parsed=$(echo "${STATICIP}" | sed -e 's/:/ /g')
    for ifline in ${parsed}; do
        ifname="$(echo ${ifline} | cut -f1 -d ',')"
        ifaddress="$(echo ${ifline} | cut -f2 -d ',')"
        ifnetmask="$(echo ${ifline} | cut -f3 -d ',')"
        ifgateway="$(echo ${ifline} | cut -f4 -d ',')"
        cat >> "$IFFILE" <<EOF
auto ${ifname}
iface ${ifname} inet static
    address ${ifaddress}
    netmask ${ifnetmask}
    gateway ${ifgateway}

EOF
    done
else
    if [ -z "${NETBOOT}" ]; then
        # default, dhcp assigned
        method="dhcp"
    else
        # make sure that the preconfigured interface would not get reassigned by dhcp
        # on startup by ifup script - otherwise our root fs might be disconnected!
        method="manual"
    fi
    # iterate the physical interfaces and add them to the interfaces list
    if [ "$method" != dhcp ] || [ ! -x /root/usr/sbin/NetworkManager ]; then
        for device in /sys/class/net/*/device; do
            interface="${device%*/device}"
            [ -e $interface ] || continue
            i="$(basename $interface)"
            cat >> "$IFFILE" <<EOF
auto $i
iface $i inet static
#下面为添加部分******
address 192.168.1.100    
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114
#******************
EOF
        done
    fi
    if [ ! -f /root/etc/resolv.conf ] || [ -z "$(cat /root/etc/resolv.conf)" ]; then
        if [ -n "${DEVICE}" ] && [ -e /run/net-"${DEVICE}".conf ]; then
            # create a resolv.conf if it is not present
            #ipconfig quotes DNSDOMAIN, quotes need to be removed for a correct resolv.conf
            rc_search="$(sed -n "s/^DNSDOMAIN='\(.*\)'/\1/p" /run/net-"${DEVICE}".conf)"
            #search might contain multiple entries but domain should only have one.
            rc_domain="$(sed -n "s/^DNSDOMAIN='\([^ ]*\).*'/\1/p" /run/net-"${DEVICE}".conf)"
            rc_server0="$(sed -n "s/^IPV4DNS0='\(.*\)'/\1/p" /run/net-"${DEVICE}".conf)"
            rc_server1="$(sed -n "s/^IPV4DNS1='\(.*\)'/\1/p" /run/net-"${DEVICE}".conf)"

            # Deal with resolvconf
            # Writing to /run instead or /root/run as /sbin/init will move /run
            # to /root/run a bit later on
            if [ -x /root/sbin/resolvconf ] && [ -L /root/etc/resolv.conf ]; then
                mkdir -p /run/resolvconf/interface/
                resolv=/run/resolvconf/interface/casper
            else
                resolv=/root/etc/resolv.conf
            fi

            cat > $resolv <<EOF
# /etc/resolv.conf
# Autogenerated by casper
EOF
            [ -n "$rc_search" ] && echo "search ${rc_search}" >> $resolv
            [ -n "$rc_domain" ] && echo "domain ${rc_domain}" >> $resolv
            [ -n "$rc_server0" ] && [ "$rc_server0" != "0.0.0.0" ] && echo "nameserver $rc_server0" >> $resolv
            [ -n "$rc_server1" ] && [ "$rc_server1" != "0.0.0.0" ] && echo "nameserver $rc_server1" >> $resolv

            cat $resolv >> /root/var/log/netboot.config
        fi
    fi
fi

if [ ! -x /root/usr/sbin/NetworkManager ]; then
    for device in /sys/class/net/*/device; do
        name=$(basename ${device%*/device})

        grep -q "iface $name" $IFFILE && continue
        cat >> "$IFFILE" <<EOF
auto $name
iface $name inet static

EOF
    done
fi

log_end_msg

3、重新制作ISO,这个步骤请自行百度解决；也可通过windows下UltraISO软件进行制作；

4、由于Ubuntu 16.04 desktop版本没有集成openssh-server，若需要此功能需要重新制作文件系统及ISO；

     参照wiki及官方文档很麻烦，而且很容易出错，此处可以借用工具Cubic进行添加，工具的使用方法请百度。

     Cubic的安装方法：

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cubic-wizard/release
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 6494C6D6997C215E
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cubic

    使用方法可以参照：

如何创建定制的 Ubuntu Live CD 镜像；