Linux socket（第三章）-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wanxiao009/article/details/6490621

本文介绍了IP地址的基本概念，包括其组成、分类及其对应的网络掩码，并提供了IP地址分类的示例代码。此外，还详细讲解了几种常用的IP地址转换函数，如inet_aton、inet_ntoa和inet_network。

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IP地址是一个32位的二进制数，它由点分十进制记法表示，每一个十进制数代表一个8位无符号整型数，所以范围在0-255之间。
一个IP地址分为网络地址和主机地址，网络地址区分不同网络，主机地址区分相同网络中不同主机。不同的IP地址类他们的主机网络地址也是不固定的，A,B,C类地址定义了某一主机特定的IP地址，D类为组播地址，E类为保留今后所用。具体的划分是：
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1. 分类最低最高网络位主机位
2. A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 7 24
3. B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 14 16
4. C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 21 8
5. D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 28 N/A
6. E 240.0.0.0 247.255.255.255 27 N/A
分类最低最高网络位主机位 A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 7 24 B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 14 16 C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 21 8 D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 28 N/A E 240.0.0.0 247.255.255.255 27 N/A
网络掩码的作用在于把网络地址从IP地址中提取出来，实际上代表网络掩码的IP号与某一特定的IP地址进行“按位与”。
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1. 分类最低最高网络掩码
2. A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 24
3. B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 16
4. C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 8
分类最低最高网络掩码 A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 24 B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 16 C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 8
以下是对IP地址进行检查和分类的源代码
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1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include <unistd.h>
3. #include <stdlib.h>
4. #include <sys/types.h>
5. #include <sys/socket.h>
6. #include <netinet/in.h>
8. int main(int argc, char **argv)
9. {
10. int x;
11. struct sockaddr_in adr_inet;
12. int len_inet;
13. unsigned msb;
14. char class;
15. char *netmask;
16. static struct {
17. unsigned char ip[4];
18. } addresses[] = {
19. { {
20. 44, 135, 86, 12}}, { {
21. 127, 0, 0, 1}}, { {
22. 172, 16, 23, 95}}, { {
23. 192, 168, 9, 1}},};
25. for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
26. memset(&adr_inet, 0, sizeof(adr_inet));
27. adr_inet.sin_family = AF_INET;
28. adr_inet.sin_port = htons(9000);
29. memcpy(&adr_inet.sin_addr.s_addr, addresses[x].ip, 4);
30. len_inet = sizeof(adr_inet);
32. msb = *(unsigned char *) &adr_inet.sin_addr.s_addr;
34. if ((msb & 0x80) == 0x00) {
35. class = 'A';
36. netmask = "255.255.255.0";
37. } else if ((msb & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
38. class = 'B';
39. netmask = "255.255.255.0";
40. } else if ((msb & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
41. class = 'C';
42. netmask = "255.255.255.0";
43. } else if ((msb & 0xF0) == 'D') {
44. class = 'D';
45. netmask = "255.255.255.255";
46. } else {
47. class = 'E';
48. netmask = "255.255.255.255";
49. }
50. printf("Address %u.%u.%u.%u is class %c "
51. "netmask %s/n",
52. addresses[x].ip[0],
53. addresses[x].ip[1],
54. addresses[x].ip[2], addresses[x].ip[3], class, netmask);
55. }
56. return 0;
57. }
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int x; struct sockaddr_in adr_inet; int len_inet; unsigned msb; char class; char *netmask; static struct { unsigned char ip[4]; } addresses[] = { { { 44, 135, 86, 12}}, { { 127, 0, 0, 1}}, { { 172, 16, 23, 95}}, { { 192, 168, 9, 1}},}; for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) { memset(&adr_inet, 0, sizeof(adr_inet)); adr_inet.sin_family = AF_INET; adr_inet.sin_port = htons(9000); memcpy(&adr_inet.sin_addr.s_addr, addresses[x].ip, 4); len_inet = sizeof(adr_inet); msb = *(unsigned char *) &adr_inet.sin_addr.s_addr; if ((msb & 0x80) == 0x00) { class = 'A'; netmask = "255.255.255.0"; } else if ((msb & 0xC0) == 0x80) { class = 'B'; netmask = "255.255.255.0"; } else if ((msb & 0xE0) == 0xC0) { class = 'C'; netmask = "255.255.255.0"; } else if ((msb & 0xF0) == 'D') { class = 'D'; netmask = "255.255.255.255"; } else { class = 'E'; netmask = "255.255.255.255"; } printf("Address %u.%u.%u.%u is class %c " "netmask %s/n", addresses[x].ip[0], addresses[x].ip[1], addresses[x].ip[2], addresses[x].ip[3], class, netmask); } return 0; }
为了减少字符串形式的IP地址转换成可用的套接口地址这样的编程负担，系统提供了一些转换函数。

inet_aton(3)函数

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int inet_aton(const char* string , struct in_addr *addr );

#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> int inet_aton(const char* string , struct in_addr *addr );

inet_ntoa(3)函数

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#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr addr);

#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr addr);

inet_network(3)函数：该函数的作用是将点分十进制记法的IP转换成主机字节序的32位二进制地址

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#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
unsigned long inet_network(const char *addr);

#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> unsigned long inet_network(const char *addr);

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int x;
const char *addr[]={
"44.135.86.12",
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.23.95",
"192.168.9.1"
};
unsigned long net_addr;
for(x=0;x<4;x++){
net_addr = inet_network(addr[x]);
printf("%s = 0x%08lX net 0x%08lX/n",
addr[x],net_addr,(unsigned long)htonl(net_addr)
);
}
return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> int main (int argc, char **argv) { int x; const char *addr[]={ "44.135.86.12", "127.0.0.1", "172.16.23.95", "192.168.9.1" }; unsigned long net_addr; for(x=0;x<4;x++){ net_addr = inet_network(addr[x]); printf("%s = 0x%08lX net 0x%08lX/n", addr[x],net_addr,(unsigned long)htonl(net_addr) ); } return 0; }