Linux 枚举PCI设备

在Linux下，lspci可以枚举所有PCI设备。它是通过读取PCI配置空间（PCI Configuration Space）信息来实现PCI设备的枚举的。这里，我通过两种方式来简单的模拟一下lspci的功能。一种是通过PCI总线的CF8和CFC端口来枚举(参考PCI总线规范)；另一种是利用proc filesystem。

方法一：这种方法需要对端口进行操作，在Linux下，普通应用程序没有权限读写I/O 端口，需要通过iopl或ioperm来提升权限，我的代码里面使用iopl。

 

/*
 * Enum all pci device via the PCI config register(CF8 and CFC).
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/io.h>

#define PCI_MAX_BUS 255 /* 8 bits (0 ~ 255) */
#define PCI_MAX_DEV 31 /* 5 bits (0 ~ 31) */
#define PCI_MAX_FUN 7 /* 3 bits (0 ~ 7) */

#define CONFIG_ADDRESS 0xCF8
#define CONFIG_DATA 0xCFC

#define PCICFG_REG_VID 0x00 /* Vendor id, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_DID 0x02 /* Device id, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_CMD 0x04 /* Command register, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_STAT 0x06 /* Status register, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_RID 0x08 /* Revision id, 1 byte */


void list_pci_devices()
{
	unsigned int bus, dev, fun;
	unsigned int addr, data;

	//printf("BB:DD:FF VID:DID\n");


	for (bus = 0; bus <= PCI_MAX_BUS; bus++) {
		for (dev = 0; dev <= PCI_MAX_DEV; dev++) {
			for (fun = 0; fun <= PCI_MAX_FUN; fun++) {
				addr = 0x80000000L | (bus<<16) | (dev<<11) | (fun<<8);
				outl(addr, CONFIG_ADDRESS);
				data = inl(CONFIG_DATA);

				/* Identify vendor ID */
				if ((data != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (data != 0)) {
					printf("%02X:%02X:%02X ", bus, dev, fun);
					printf("%04X:%04X", data&0xFFFF, data>>16);
					addr = 0x80000000L | (bus<<16) | (dev<<11) | (fun<<8) | PCICFG_REG_RID;
					outl(addr, CONFIG_ADDRESS);
					data = inl(CONFIG_DATA);
					if (data&0xFF) {
						printf(" (rev %02X)\n", data&0xFF);
					} else {
						printf("\n");
					}
				}
			} end func
		} // end device
	} // end bus
}
 

int main()
{
	int ret;

	/* Enable r/w permission of all 65536 ports */
	ret = iopl(3);
	if (ret < 0) {
		perror("iopl set error");
		return 1;
	}

	list_pci_devices();

	/* Disable r/w permission of all 65536 ports */
	ret = iopl(0);
	if (ret < 0) {
		perror("iopl set error");
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

方法二：这种方法需不需要对端口进行操作，而是利用Linux procfs来实现对PCI 配置空间的访问。

/*
 * Enum all pci device via /proc/bus/pci/.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define PCI_MAX_BUS 255 /* 8 bits (0 ~ 255) */
#define PCI_MAX_DEV 31 /* 5 bits (0 ~ 31) */
#define PCI_MAX_FUN 7 /* 3 bits (0 ~ 7) */

/*
 * PCI Configuration Header offsets
*/
#define PCICFG_REG_VID 0x00 /* Vendor id, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_DID 0x02 /* Device id, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_CMD 0x04 /* Command register, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_STAT 0x06 /* Status register, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_RID 0x08 /* Revision id, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_PROG_INTF 0x09 /* Programming interface code, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_SUBCLASS 0x0A /* Sub-class code, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_BASCLASS 0x0B /* Base class code, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_CACHE_LINESZ 0x0C /* Cache line size, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_LATENCY_TIMER 0x0D /* Latency timer, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_HEADER_TYPE 0x0E /* Header type, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_BIST 0x0F /* Builtin self test, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR0 0x10 /* Base addr register 0, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR1 0x14 /* Base addr register 1, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR2 0x18 /* Base addr register 2, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR3 0x1C /* Base addr register 3, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR4 0x20 /* Base addr register 4, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_BAR5 0x24 /* Base addr register 5, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_CIS 0x28 /* Cardbus CIS Pointer */
#define PCICFG_REG_SVID 0x2C /* Subsystem Vendor ID, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_SDID 0x2E /* Subsystem ID, 2 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_ROMBAR 0x30 /* ROM base register, 4 bytes */
#define PCICFG_REG_CAPPTR 0x34 /* Capabilities pointer, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_INT_LINE 0x3C /* Interrupt line, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_INT_PIN 0x3D /* Interrupt pin, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_MIN_GNT 0x3E /* Minimum grant, 1 byte */
#define PCICFG_REG_MAX_LAT 0x3F /* Maximum lat, 1 byte */


void list_pci_devices()
{
	unsigned int bus, dev, fun;

	//printf("BB:DD:FF VID:DID(RID)\n");


	for (bus = 0; bus <= PCI_MAX_BUS; bus++) {
		for (dev = 0; dev <= PCI_MAX_DEV; dev++) {
			for (fun = 0; fun <= PCI_MAX_FUN; fun++) {
				char proc_name[64];
				int cfg_handle;
				uint32_t data;
				uint16_t vid, did;
				uint8_t rid;

				snprintf(proc_name, sizeof(proc_name),
						"/proc/bus/pci/%02x/%02x.%x", bus, dev, fun);
				cfg_handle = open(proc_name, O_RDWR);
				if (cfg_handle <= 0) 
					continue;

				lseek(cfg_handle, PCICFG_REG_VID, SEEK_SET);
				read(cfg_handle, &data, sizeof(data));

				/* Identify vendor ID */
				if ((data != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (data != 0)) {
					lseek(cfg_handle, PCICFG_REG_RID, SEEK_SET);
					read(cfg_handle, &rid, sizeof(rid));
					vid = data&0xFFFF;
					did = data>>16;

					printf("%02X:%02X:%02X", bus, dev, fun);
					if (rid > 0) {
						printf(" %04X:%04X (rev %02X)\n", vid, did, rid);
					} else {
						printf(" %04X:%04X\n", vid, did);
					}
				}
			} // end func
		} // end device 
	} // end bus
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	list_pci_devices();

	return 0;
}

 

 这两种方法各有优缺点，第一种方法方便移植到其他OS，第二种就只适用于Linux。但是，第一种方法需要对I/O port进行直接操作。第二种就不需要。

注意：执行这两段代码时，需要超级用户（root） 权限。

补充：今天在枚举 Westmere-EP Processor（Intel Xeon Processor 5500 Series（Nehalem-EP））的 IMC（Integrated Memory Controller）时发现一个问题。lspci无法枚举到IMC设备。Westmere-EP 是 Intel 新的处理器架构。和以往的CPU不一样，它把Memory Controller集成到了CPU里面。IMC控制器被映射到了PCI总线上，Bus Number 是0xFE~0xFF，procfs（/proc/bus/pci/）下没有这几个设备。但是，通过 CF8/CFC 端口可以枚举到这些设备。 

3. 这段代码是在驱动中可以用来查找特定的pci device，并且返回一个pci_dev的结构体变量。通过这样一个struct变量，内核提供的接口函数可以直接套用，如pci_read_config_word()，pci_write_config_word()等。

void list_pci_device()
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;
	struct pci_bus *bus,*childbus;
	
	list_for_each_entry(bus, &pci_root_buses, node) {	//globle pci_root_buses in pci.h
		list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {	// for bus 0
			printk("%02X:%02X:%02X %04X:%04X\n",dev->bus->number,dev->devfn >> 3, dev->devfn & 0x07,dev->vendor,dev->device);
		}
		list_for_each_entry(childbus, &bus->children,node) { // for bus 1,2,3,...
			list_for_each_entry(dev, &childbus->devices, bus_list) {
				printk("%02X:%02X:%02X %04X:%04X\n",dev->bus->number,dev->devfn >> 3, dev->devfn & 0x07,dev->vendor,dev->device);
			}
		}
	}
}