SQL code
常用SQL查询： 1 、查看表空间的名称及大小 select t.tablespace_name, round ( sum (bytes / ( 1024 * 1024 )), 0 ) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name; 2 、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 select tablespace_name, file_id , file_name , round (bytes / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 0 ) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 3 、查看回滚段名称及大小 select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent / 1024 ) InitialExtent,(next_extent / 1024 ) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn( + ) order by segment_name; 4 、查看控制文件 select name from v$controlfile; 5 、查看日志文件 select member from v$logfile; 6 、查看表空间的使用情况 select sum (bytes) / ( 1024 * 1024 ) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES * 100 ) / A.BYTES " % USED",(C.BYTES * 100 ) / A.BYTES " % FREE" FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME = B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME = C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 7 、查看数据库库对象 select owner, object_type, status, count ( * ) count # from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 8 、查看数据库的版本 Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT, 1 , 6 ) = ' Oracle ' ; 9 、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$ Database ; 10 、捕捉运行很久的SQL column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round (sofar * 100 / totalwork, 0 ) || ' % ' as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value / 11 。查看数据表的参数信息 SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, last_analyzed FROM dba_tab_partitions -- WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position 12 .查看还没提交的事务 select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$ transaction ; 13 。查找object为哪些进程所用 select p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name , a.type object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name , decode( sign ( 48 - command), 1 , to_char(command), ' Action Code # ' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr and s.type = ' USER ' and a.sid = s.sid and a.object = ' SUBSCRIBER_ATTR ' order by s.username, s.osuser 14 。回滚段查看 select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name( + ) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn ( + ) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 15 。耗资源的进程（ top session） select s.schemaname schema_name, decode( sign ( 48 - command), 1 , to_char(command), ' Action Code # ' || to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, ' [Oracle process] ' ) user_name , s.terminal terminal, s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number( ' 38 ' ) and ( ' ALL ' = ' ALL ' or s.status = ' ALL ' ) and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc , p.spid asc , s.username asc , s.osuser asc 16 。查看锁（lock）情况 select /* + RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name , decode(ls.type, ' RW ' , ' Row wait enqueue lock ' , ' TM ' , ' DML enqueue lock ' , ' TX ' , ' Transaction enqueue lock ' , ' UL ' , ' User supplied lock ' ) lock_type, o. object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1 , null , 2 , ' Row Share ' , 3 , ' Row Exclusive ' , 4 , ' Share ' , 5 , ' Share Row Exclusive ' , 6 , ' Exclusive ' , null ) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o. object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner <> ' SYS ' order by o.owner, o. object_name 17 。查看等待（wait）情况 SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat. count count , SUM (v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ( ' db block gets ' , ' consistent gets ' ) group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat. count 18 。查看sga情况 SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC 19 。查看catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 20 。查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS, BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA21。查看object分类数量select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from22。按用户查看object种类select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$23。有关connection的相关信息1）查看有哪些用户连接select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query, 0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER' order by s.username, s.osuser2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select n.name, v.value, n.class, n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed, sysdate start_time, sysdate finish_time, '>' || address sql_address, 'N' status from v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)24．查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",Largest "最大扩展段(M)",to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" from (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc, sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a,(select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b,(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest, ts.name tablespace_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name25. 查询表空间的碎片程度select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>10;alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused;create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;select * from ts_blocks_v; select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行select inst_name from v$active_instances;===========================================================######### 创建数据库----look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql #############create database db01 maxlogfiles 10 maxdatafiles 1024 maxinstances 2 logfile GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M, undo tablespace UNDO datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M extent management local uniform size 128k character set AL32UTE8 national character set AL16UTF16 set time_zone='America/New_York';############### 数据字典 ##########set wrap off select * from v$dba_users;grant select on table_name to user/rule;select * from user_tables; select * from all_tables;select * from dba_tables; revoke dba from user_name;shutdown immediate startup nomount select * from v$instance;select * from v$sga; select * from v$tablespace;alter session set nls_language=american;alter database mount;select * from v$database;alter database open;desc dictionary select * from dict;desc v$fixed_table;select * from v$fixed_table;set oracle_sid=foxconn select * from dba_objects;set serveroutput on execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');############# 控制文件 ###########select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;/*备份用户表空间*/alter tablespace users begin backup;select * from v$archived_log;select * from v$controlfile;alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl', '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl startup pfile='../initSID.ora'select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;show parameter control;select * from v$controlfile_record_section;select * from v$tempfile;/*备份控制文件*/alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';/*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件*/alter database backup controlfile to trace;############### redo log ##############archive log list;alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switchalter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpointalter tablspace users begin backup;alter tablespace offline;/*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/show parameter fast;show parameter log_checkpoint;/*加入一个日志组*/alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);/*加入日志组的一个成员*/alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;/*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删*/alter database drop logfile group 3;/*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';/*清除在线日志*/alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';alter database clear logfile group 3;/*清除非归档日志*/alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;/*重命名日志文件*/alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';show parameter db_create;alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';select * from v$log; select * from v$logfile;
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