参考:
1、https://maicss.gitbooks.io/pyqt5/content/
2、https://github.com/maicss/PyQt5-Chinese-tutoral
3、https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/classes.html API
事件和信号
事件
所有的应用都是事件驱动的。事件大部分都是由用户的行为产生的,当然也有其他的事件产生方式,比如网络的连接,窗口管理器或者定时器等。调用应用的exec_()方法时,应用会进入主循环,主循环会监听和分发事件。
在事件模型中,有三个角色:
- 事件源
- 事件
- 事件目标
事件源就是发生了状态改变的对象。事件是这个对象状态的改变撞他改变的内容。事件目标是事件想作用的目标。事件源绑定事件处理函数,然后作用于事件目标身上。
PyQt5处理事件方面有个signal and slot机制。Signals and slots用于对象间的通讯。事件触发的时候,发生一个signal,slot是用来被Python调用的(相当于一个句柄?这个词也好恶心,就是相当于事件的绑定函数)slot只有在事件触发的时候才能调用。
Signals & slots
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we connect a signal of a QSlider to a slot of a QLCDNumber. 显示了QtGui.QLCDNumber和QtGui.QSlider模块, 我们能拖动滑块让数字跟着发生改变。 Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: January 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLCDNumber, QSlider, QVBoxLayout, QApplication) class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): lcd = QLCDNumber(self) sld = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self) vbox = QVBoxLayout() vbox.addWidget(lcd) vbox.addWidget(sld) self.setLayout(vbox) sld.valueChanged.connect(lcd.display) # 把滑块的变化和数字的变化绑定在一起 self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150) self.setWindowTitle('Signal and slot') self.show() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_())
重构事件处理器
在PyQt5中,事件处理器经常被重写(也就是用自己的覆盖库自带的)
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we reimplement an event handler. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150) self.setWindowTitle('Event handler') self.show() # 如果按下ESC键程序就会退出 def keyPressEvent(self, e): if e.key() == Qt.Key_Escape: self.close() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_())
事件对象
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we display the x and y coordinates of a mouse pointer in a label widget. 在一个组件里显示鼠标的X和Y坐标 Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QGridLayout, QLabel class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): grid = QGridLayout() grid.setSpacing(10) x = 0 y = 0 self.text = "x: {0}, y: {1}".format(x, y) self.label = QLabel(self.text, self) grid.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0, Qt.AlignTop) # Qt.AlignBottom 显示位置 self.setMouseTracking(True) self.setLayout(grid) self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 200) self.setWindowTitle('Event object') self.show() # e代表了事件对象 def mouseMoveEvent(self, e): x = e.x() y = e.y() text = "x: {0}, y: {1}".format(x, y) self.label.setText(text) if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_())
事件发送
有时候我们会想知道是哪个组件发出了一个信号,PyQt5里的sender()
方法能搞定这件事
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we determine the event sender object. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QPushButton, QApplication class Example(QMainWindow): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): btn1 = QPushButton("Button 1", self) btn1.move(30, 50) btn2 = QPushButton("Button 2", self) btn2.move(150, 50) # 两个按钮都和同一个slot绑定 btn1.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked) btn2.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked) self.statusBar() self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150) self.setWindowTitle('Event sender') self.show() def buttonClicked(self): sender = self.sender() self.statusBar().showMessage(sender.text() + ' was pressed') if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_())
信号发送
QObject
实例能发送事件信号。下面的例子是发送自定义的信号。
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we show how to emit a custom signal. 创建了一个叫closeApp的信号,这个信号会在鼠标按下的时候触发,事件与QMainWindow绑定 Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication # 创建了一个pyqtSignal()属性的信号 class Communicate(QObject): closeApp = pyqtSignal() class Example(QMainWindow): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): self.c = Communicate() self.c.closeApp.connect(self.close) # closeApp信号QMainWindow的close()方法绑定。 self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150) self.setWindowTitle('Emit signal') self.show() def mousePressEvent(self, event): self.c.closeApp.emit() # 点击窗口的时候,发送closeApp信号,程序终止。 if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_())