mysql乱码问题的完美解决方案

MySQL会出现中文乱码的原因不外乎下列几点：
1.server本身设定问题，例如还停留在latin1
2.table的语系设定问题(包含character与collation)
3.客户端程式(例如 php)的连线语系设定问题
强烈建议使用utf8!!!!
utf8可以兼容世界上所有字符!!!!
一、避免创建数据库及表出现中文乱码和查看编码方法
1、创建数据库的时候：

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. CREATE DATABASE `test` 
2. CHARACTER SET 'utf8' 
3. COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci'; 

CREATE DATABASE `test`
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

2、建表的时候

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1. CREATE TABLE `database_user` ( 
2. `ID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '', 
3. `UserID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '', 
4. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

CREATE TABLE `database_user` (
`ID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
`UserID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

这3个设置好了，基本就不会出问题了,即建库和建表时都使用相同的编码格式。
但是如果你已经建了库和表可以通过以下方式进行查询。
1.查看默认的编码格式:

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1. mysql> show variables like "%char%"; 
2. +--------------------------+---------------+ 
3. | Variable_name | Value | 
4. +--------------------------+---------------+ 
5. | character_set_client | gbk | 
6. | character_set_connection | gbk | 
7. | character_set_database | utf8 | 
8. | character_set_filesystem | binary | 
9. | character_set_results | gbk | 
10. | character_set_server | utf8 | 
11. | character_set_system | utf8 | 
12. +--------------------------+-------------+ 

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+---------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+-------------+

注：以前2个来确定,可以使用set names utf8,set names gbk设置默认的编码格式;

执行SET NAMES utf8的效果等同于同时设定如下：

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1. SET character_set_client='utf8'; 
2. SET character_set_connection='utf8'; 
3. SET character_set_results='utf8'; 

SET character_set_client='utf8';
SET character_set_connection='utf8';
SET character_set_results='utf8';

2.查看test数据库的编码格式:

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1. mysql> show create database test; 
2. +------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
3. | Database | Create Database | 
4. +------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
5. | test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ | 
6. +------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 

mysql> show create database test;
+------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

3.查看yjdb数据表的编码格式:

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1. mysql> show create table yjdb; 
2. | yjdb | CREATE TABLE `yjdb` ( 
3. `sn` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
4. `type` varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
5. `brc` varchar(6) NOT NULL, 
6. `teller` int(6) NOT NULL, 
7. `telname` varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
8. `date` int(10) NOT NULL, 
9. `count` int(6) NOT NULL, 
10. `back` int(10) NOT NULL, 
11. PRIMARY KEY (`sn`), 
12. UNIQUE KEY `sn` (`sn`), 
13. UNIQUE KEY `sn_2` (`sn`) 
14. ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1826 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC | 

mysql> show create table yjdb;
| yjdb | CREATE TABLE `yjdb` (
`sn` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`type` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`brc` varchar(6) NOT NULL,
`teller` int(6) NOT NULL,
`telname` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`date` int(10) NOT NULL,
`count` int(6) NOT NULL,
`back` int(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sn`),
UNIQUE KEY `sn` (`sn`),
UNIQUE KEY `sn_2` (`sn`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1826 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC |

二、避免导入数据有中文乱码的问题
1:将数据编码格式保存为utf-8
设置默认编码为utf8：
set names utf8;
设置数据库db_name默认为utf8:

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1. ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; 

ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

设置表tb_name默认编码为utf8:

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1. ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; 

ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

导入：

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1. LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\utf8.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb; 

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\utf8.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;

2:将数据编码格式保存为ansi(即GBK或GB2312)
设置默认编码为gbk：
set names gbk;
设置数据库db_name默认编码为gbk:

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; 

ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

设置表tb_name默认编码为gbk:

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; 

ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

导入：

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\gbk.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb; 

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\gbk.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;

注：1.UTF8不要导入gbk，gbk不要导入UTF8;
2.dos下不支持UTF8的显示;
三、解决网页中乱码的问题

将网站编码设为 utf-8,这样可以兼容世界上所有字符。
　　如果网站已经运作了好久,已有很多旧数据,不能再更改简体中文的设定,那么建议将页面的编码设为 GBK, GBK与GB2312的区别就在于:GBK能比GB2312显示更多的字符,要显示简体码的繁体字,就只能用GBK。
1.编辑/etc/my.cnf　,在[mysql]段加入default_character_set=utf8;
2.在编写Connection URL时，加上?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8参;
3.在网页代码中加上一个"set names utf8"或者"set names gbk"的指令，告诉MySQL连线内容都要使用
utf8或者gbk;