一、文件下载需求:
1.页面显示超链接
2.点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
3.完成图片文件下载
二、分析:
1.超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
2.任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
3.使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
content-disposition : attachment ; filename=xxx
三、步骤:
1.定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/day14/image/1.png">图片</a>
<a href="/day14/image/2.mp4">视频</a>
<hr>
<a href="/day14/downloadServlet?filename=1.png">图片</a>
<a href="/day14/downloadServlet?filename=2.mp4">视频</a>
</body>
</html>
2.定义Servlet
Ⅰ、获取文件名称
Ⅱ、使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
Ⅲ、指定response的响应头: content-disposition: attachment; filename=xxx
Ⅳ、将数据写出到response输出流
package cn.itcast.web.download;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
System.out.println(filename);
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/image/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型,content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的Mime头
response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff=new byte[1024*8];
int len=0;
while((len=fileInputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
outputStream.write(buff,0,len);
}
fileInputStream.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
四、实现成果图
五、注意中文文件问题
*解决思路:
1.获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
2.根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
*步骤
1.构建工具类设置不同浏览器的编码方式
package cn.itcast.utils;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static String getFileName(String agent,String filename)throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
if(agent.contains("MSIE")){
//IE浏览器
filename= URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8");
filename=filename.replace("+"," ");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐浏览器
BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
filename="=utf-8?B?"+base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8"))+"?=";
}else {
//其他浏览器
filename=URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8");
}
return filename;
}
}
2.改写DownloadServlet代码
package cn.itcast.web.download;
import cn.itcast.utils.DownLoadUtils;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/image/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型,content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的Mime头
response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
//解决中文文件名问题
//1.获取user-agent请求头
String agent=request.getHeader("user-agent");
//2.使用工具类方法编码文件
filename= DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent,filename);
//3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff=new byte[1024*8];
int len=0;
while((len=fileInputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
outputStream.write(buff,0,len);
}
fileInputStream.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}