Android MemoryFile 源码分析以及使用

 Android对于I/O操作效率比较低，提高效率的方法可以通过NDK直接进行读写，或者调用MemoryFile.java类对I/O进行处理。

一、MemoryFile.java 源码分析

 MemoryFile.java 源码位置：frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/MemoryFile.java

MemoryFile类直接对native方法进行封装，通过JNI调用底层C++方法，下面对具体函数进行分析。

1. 构造函数

    public MemoryFile(String name, int length) throws IOException {
        mLength = length;
        mFD = native_open(name, length);
        if (length > 0) {
            mAddress = native_mmap(mFD, length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
        } else {
            mAddress = 0;
        }
    }

这里直接调用native方法native_mmap对name文件进行内存映射，这里的native_mmap方法调用JNI方法android_os_MemoryFile_open，这个函数又通过运行库提供的ashmem_create_region来创建内存共享映射，这个函数的实现在system/core/libcutils/ashmem-dev.c中，具体代码如下：

/*
　　* ashmem_create_region - creates a new ashmem region and returns the 
file
　　* descriptor, or <0 on error
　　*
　　* `name' is an optional label to give the region (visible in 
/proc/pid/maps)
　　* `size' is the size of the region, in page-aligned bytes
　　*/
　　int ashmem_create_region(const char *name, size_t size)
　　{
　　int fd, ret;
　　fd = open(ASHMEM_DEVICE, O_RDWR);   // open函数打开ASHMEM_DEVICE设备文件
　　if (fd < 0)
　　return fd;
　　if (name) {
　　char buf[ASHMEM_NAME_LEN];
　　strlcpy(buf, name, sizeof(buf));
　　ret = ioctl(fd, ASHMEM_SET_NAME, buf);
　　if (ret < 0)
　　goto error;
　　}
　　ret = ioctl(fd, ASHMEM_SET_SIZE, size);  // 设置匿名共享内存的名称和大小
　　if (ret < 0)
　　goto error;
　　return fd;
　　error:
　　close(fd);
　　return ret;
　　}

调用native_mmap函数对打开的设备文件进行映射，调用JNI函数android_os_MemoryFile_mmap，这个函数利用内存映射mmap实现。

2. readBytes 函数

具体源码如下：

    public int readBytes(byte[] buffer, int srcOffset, int destOffset, int count)
            throws IOException {
        if (isDeactivated()) {
            throw new IOException("Can't read from deactivated memory file.");
        }
        if (destOffset < 0 || destOffset > buffer.length || count < 0
                || count > buffer.length - destOffset
                || srcOffset < 0 || srcOffset > mLength
                || count > mLength - srcOffset) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        return native_read(mFD, mAddress, buffer, srcOffset, destOffset, count, mAllowPurging);
    }

readBytes函数同样调用JNI接口native_read即android_os_MemoryFile_read，通过SetByteArrayRegion进行内存的读取。

3. writeBytes函数

    public void writeBytes(byte[] buffer, int srcOffset, int destOffset, int count)
            throws IOException {
        if (isDeactivated()) {
            throw new IOException("Can't write to deactivated memory file.");
        }
        if (srcOffset < 0 || srcOffset > buffer.length || count < 0
                || count > buffer.length - srcOffset
                || destOffset < 0 || destOffset > mLength
                || count > mLength - destOffset) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        native_write(mFD, mAddress, buffer, srcOffset, destOffset, count, mAllowPurging);
    }

这里调用native_write接口，通过android_os_MemoryFile_write 调用GetByteArrayRegion对内存进行写操作。

这两个函数用到了ashmem_pin_region和ashmem_unpin_region是系统运行时库提供的接口，用来执行我们前面说的匿名共享内存的锁定和解锁操作，它们的作用是告诉Ashmem驱动程序，它的哪些内存块是正在使用的，需要锁定，哪些内存是不需要使用了，可以它解锁，这样，Ashmem驱动程序就可以辅助内存管理系统来有效地管理内存了。

二、MemoryFile.java 使用实例

public class MemoryFileTest {


private Context content;
public MemoryFileTest(Context content) {
this.content = content;


}
public void testFileDescriptor() throws Exception {  
        MemoryFile file = new MemoryFile("MemoryFileTest", 1000000);


        byte[] buffer = new byte[testString.length];


        // check low level accessors
        file.writeBytes(testString, 0, 2000, testString.length);
        file.readBytes(buffer, 2000, 0, testString.length);
        compareBuffers(testString, buffer, testString.length);


        // check streams
        buffer = new byte[testString.length];


        OutputStream os = file.getOutputStream();
        os.write(testString);


        InputStream is = file.getInputStream();
        is.mark(testString.length);
        is.read(buffer);
        compareBuffers(testString, buffer, testString.length);


        // test mark/reset
        buffer = new byte[testString.length];
        is.reset();
        is.read(buffer);
        compareBuffers(testString, buffer, testString.length);


        file.close();
    }  


private void compareBuffers(byte[] buffer1, byte[] buffer2, int length) throws Exception {  
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {  
            if (buffer1[i] != buffer2[i]) { 
            Toast.makeText(content, "readBytes did not read back what writeBytes wrote", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }  
        }  
}

private static final byte[] testString = new byte[] {
       3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2, 3, 8, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 3, 3, 8, 3, 2, 7, 9, 5, 0, 2, 8, 8, 4, 1, 9, 7, 1, 6, 9, 3, 9, 9, 3, 7, 5, 1, 0, 5, 8, 2, 0, 9, 7, 4, 9, 4, 4, 5, 9, 2, 3, 0, 7, 8, 1, 6, 4,
       0, 6, 2, 8, 6, 2, 0, 8, 9, 9, 8, 6, 2, 8, 0, 3, 4, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 7, 0, 6, 7, 9, 8, 2, 1, 4, 8, 0, 8, 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 8, 2, 3, 0, 6, 6, 4, 7, 0, 9, 3, 8, 4, 4, 6, 0, 9, 5, 5, 0, 5, 8, 2, 2, 3, 1, 7, 2,
       5, 3, 5, 9, 4, 0, 8, 1, 2, 8, 4, 8, 1, 1, 1, 7, 4, 5, 0, 2, 8, 4, 1, 0, 2, 7, 0, 1, 9, 3, 8, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0, 5, 5, 5, 9, 6, 4, 4, 6, 2, 2, 9, 4, 8, 9, 5, 4, 9, 3, 0, 3, 8, 1, 9, 6, 4, 4, 2, 8, 8, 1, 0, 9, 7, 5,
       6, 6, 5, 9, 3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 1, 2, 8, 4, 7, 5, 6, 4, 8, 2, 3, 3, 7, 8, 6, 7, 8, 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 7, 1, 2, 0, 1, 9, 0, 9, 1, 4, 5, 6, 4, 8, 5, 6, 6, 9, 2, 3, 4, 6, 0, 3, 4, 8, 6, 1, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 6, 4, 8, 2,
       1, 3, 3, 9, 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 6, 0, 2, 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 2, 7, 3, 7, 2, 4, 5, 8, 7, 0, 0, 6, 6, 0, 6, 3, 1, 5, 5, 8, 8, 1, 7, 4, 8, 8, 1, 5, 2, 0, 9, 2, 0, 9, 6, 2, 8, 2, 9, 2, 5, 4, 0, 9, 1, 7, 1, 5, 3, 6, 4, 3, 6,
       7, 8, 9, 2, 5, 9, 0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 5, 3, 0, 5, 4, 8, 8, 2, 0, 4, 6, 6, 5, 2, 1, 3, 8, 4, 1, 4, 6, 9, 5, 1, 9, 4, 1, 5, 1, 1, 6, 0, 9, 4, 3, 3, 0, 5, 7, 2, 7, 0, 3, 6, 5, 7, 5, 9, 5, 9, 1, 9, 5, 3,
       0, 9, 2, 1, 8, 6, 1, 1, 7, 3, 8, 1, 9, 3, 2, 6, 1, 1, 7, 9, 3, 1, 0, 5, 1, 1, 8, 5, 4, 8, 0, 7, 4, 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 9, 9, 6, 2, 7, 4, 9, 5, 6, 7, 3, 5, 1, 8, 8, 5, 7, 5, 2, 7, 2, 4, 8, 9, 1, 2, 2, 7, 9, 3, 8, 1,
       8, 3, 0, 1, 1, 9, 4, 9, 1, 2, 9, 8, 3, 3, 6, 7, 3, 3, 6, 2, 4, 4, 0, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 3, 0, 8, 6, 0, 2, 1, 3, 9, 4, 9, 4, 6, 3, 9, 5, 2, 2, 4, 7, 3, 7, 1, 9, 0, 7, 0, 2, 1, 7, 9, 8, 6, 0, 9, 4, 3, 7, 0, 2, 7, 7,
       0, 5, 3, 9, 2, 1, 7, 1, 7, 6, 2, 9, 3, 1, 7, 6, 7, 5, 2, 3, 8, 4, 6, 7, 4, 8, 1, 8, 4, 6, 7, 6, 6, 9, 4, 0, 5, 1, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 8, 1, 2, 7, 1, 4, 5, 2, 6, 3, 5, 6, 0, 8, 2, 7, 7, 8, 5, 7, 7, 1, 3, 4, 2,
       7, 5, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 0, 9, 1, 7, 3, 6, 3, 7, 1, 7, 8, 7, 2, 1, 4, 6, 8, 4, 4, 0, 9, 0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 9, 5, 3, 4, 3, 0, 1, 4, 6, 5, 4, 9, 5, 8, 5, 3, 7, 1, 0, 5, 0, 7, 9, 2, 2, 7, 9, 6, 8, 9, 2, 5, 8, 9, 2, 3, 5,
       4, 2, 0, 1, 9, 9, 5, 6, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 9, 0, 2, 1, 9, 6, 0, 8, 6, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 1, 8, 1, 5, 9, 8, 1, 3, 6, 2, 9, 7, 7, 4, 7, 7, 1, 3, 0, 9, 9, 6, 0, 5, 1, 8, 7, 0, 7, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8, 3, 7,
       2, 9, 7, 8, 0, 4, 9, 9, 5, 1, 0, 5, 9, 7, 3, 1, 7, 3, 2, 8, 1, 6, 0, 9, 6, 3, 1, 8, 5, 9, 5, 0, 2, 4, 4, 5, 9, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 9, 0, 8, 3, 0, 2, 6, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 3, 0, 8, 2, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 8, 5, 0, 3, 5,
       2, 6, 1, 9, 3, 1, 1, 8, 8, 1, 7, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 7, 8, 3, 8, 7, 5, 2, 8, 8, 6, 5, 8, 7, 5, 3, 3, 2, 0, 8, 3, 8, 1, 4, 2, 0, 6, 1, 7, 1, 7, 7, 6, 6, 9, 1, 4, 7, 3, 0, 3, 5, 9, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4, 9, 0, 4,
       2, 8, 7, 5, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 3, 1, 1, 5, 9, 5, 6, 2, 8, 6, 3, 8, 8, 2, 3, 5, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 9, 3, 7, 5, 1, 9, 5, 7, 7, 8, 1, 8, 5, 7, 7, 8, 0, 5, 3, 2, 1, 7, 1, 2, 2, 6, 8, 0, 6, 6, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 9, 2, 7, 8, 7,
       6, 6, 1, 1, 1, 9, 5, 9, 0, 9, 2, 1, 6, 4, 2, 0, 1, 9, 8, 9, 3, 8, 0, 9, 5, 2, 5, 7, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 8, 5, 8, 6, 3, 2, 7, 8, 8, 6, 5, 9, 3, 6, 1, 5, 3, 3, 8, 1, 8, 2, 7, 9, 6, 8, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 9, 5, 2,
       0, 3, 5, 3, 0, 1, 8, 5, 2, 9, 6, 8, 9, 9, 5, 7, 7, 3, 6, 2, 2, 5, 9, 9, 4, 1, 3, 8, 9, 1, 2, 4, 9, 7, 2, 1, 7, 7, 5, 2, 8, 3, 4, 7, 9, 1, 3, 1, 5, 1, 5, 5, 7, 4, 8, 5, 7, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5, 4, 1, 5, 0, 6, 9, 5, 9,

       5, 0, 8, 2, 9, 5, 3, 3, 1}

}