Windows phone 8 学习笔记(8) 定位地图导航

Windows phone 8 学习笔记(8) 定位地图导航

Posted on 2013-06-08 09:10 lipan 阅读( 626) 评论( 0) 编辑 收藏

 Windows phone 8 已经不使用自家的bing地图，新地图控件可以指定制图模式、视图等。bing地图的定位误差比较大，在模拟器中测试新地图貌似比较理想。本节主要讲解下位置服务以及新地图控件的使用。

快速导航：
    一、定位服务
    二、地图和导航

一、定位服务

通过手机定位服务可以开发利用手机地理位置的应用。我们可以通过应用监视手机行踪，配合地图使用可以用于导航等。定位服务可以及时取得手机地理位置，也可以持续跟踪手机移动，还可以在后台运行。

1. 立即获取当前位置

我们可以通过一次操作获取当前位置，下面的代码演示了实现的方法。

[C#]

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private async void OneShotLocation_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {      //地理位置访问服务      Geolocator geolocator = new Geolocator();      //定义精度，米为单位      geolocator.DesiredAccuracyInMeters = 1;        try      {          //开始获取当前位置的经纬度          Geoposition geoposition = await geolocator.GetGeopositionAsync();          LatitudeTextBlock.Text = "经度：" + geoposition.Coordinate.Latitude.ToString( "0.00" );          LongitudeTextBlock.Text = "纬度：" + geoposition.Coordinate.Longitude.ToString( "0.00" );      }      catch (Exception ex)      {          if (( uint )ex.HResult == 0x80004004)          {              StatusTextBlock.Text = "系统设置关闭了位置服务." ;          }        } }

 

2. 持续跟踪位置信息

如果开启持续跟踪手机位置，当手机移动距离超出设定距离时，就会触发位置改变事件，这个时候我们就可以通过环境信息计算出手机的行动轨迹，速度方向等。下面演示了如何持续跟踪。

[C#]

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Geolocator geolocator = null ; bool tracking = false ;    private void TrackLocation_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {         if (!tracking)      {          //地理位置访问服务          geolocator = new Geolocator();          //精度级别          geolocator.DesiredAccuracy = PositionAccuracy.High;          //超过多少米引发位置改变事件          geolocator.MovementThreshold = 100;             //功能状态改变时          geolocator.StatusChanged += geolocator_StatusChanged;          //位置改变时          geolocator.PositionChanged += geolocator_PositionChanged;             tracking = true ;          TrackLocationButton.Content = "停止跟踪" ;      }      else      {          geolocator.PositionChanged -= geolocator_PositionChanged;          geolocator.StatusChanged -= geolocator_StatusChanged;          geolocator = null ;             tracking = false ;          TrackLocationButton.Content = "跟踪位置" ;          StatusTextBlock.Text = "停止" ;      } }    void geolocator_StatusChanged(Geolocator sender, StatusChangedEventArgs args) {      string status = "" ;         switch (args.Status)      {          case PositionStatus.Disabled:              status = "位置服务设置被禁用" ;              break ;          case PositionStatus.Initializing:              status = "正在初始化" ;              break ;          case PositionStatus.NoData:              status = "无数据" ;              break ;          case PositionStatus.Ready:              status = "已准备" ;              break ;          case PositionStatus.NotAvailable:              status = "无法使用" ;              break ;          case PositionStatus.NotInitialized:              break ;      }      Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>      {          StatusTextBlock.Text = status;      }); }    void geolocator_PositionChanged(Geolocator sender, PositionChangedEventArgs args) {      Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>      {          LatitudeTextBlock.Text = "经度：" + args.Position.Coordinate.Latitude.ToString( "0.00" );          LongitudeTextBlock.Text = "纬度：" + args.Position.Coordinate.Longitude.ToString( "0.00" );      }); }

 

3. 在后台持续跟踪

位置跟踪可以作为服务在后台运行，这个时候我们不需要更新UI，为了使我们的应用可以作为服务运行，我们需要右键打开清单文件，选择用XML文本编辑器的方式，替换DefaultTask节点为如下信息：

[XML]

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< DefaultTask Name = "_default" NavigationPage = "MainPage.xaml" >    < BackgroundExecution >      < ExecutionType  Name = "LocationTracking" />    </ BackgroundExecution > </ DefaultTask >

然后我们需要注册RunningInBackground事件，打开App.xaml添加事件Application_RunningInBackground，代码如下：

[XAML]

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<!--处理应用程序的生存期事件所需的对象--> < shell:PhoneApplicationService      Launching = "Application_Launching" Closing = "Application_Closing"      Activated = "Application_Activated" Deactivated = "Application_Deactivated"      RunningInBackground = "Application_RunningInBackground" />

在App.xaml.cs中添加静态变量RunningInBackground和Geolocator，当Application_RunningInBackground事件时RunningInBackground为true，当Application_Activated事件时，RunningInBackground为false。代码如下：

[C#]

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//确定应用是否在后台运行 public static bool RunningInBackground { get ; set ; } //提供对当前地理位置的访问 public static Geolocator Geolocator { get ; set ; }    // 激活应用程序(置于前台)时执行的代码 // 此代码在首次启动应用程序时不执行 private void Application_Activated( object sender, ActivatedEventArgs e) {      RunningInBackground = false ; }    private void Application_RunningInBackground( object sender, RunningInBackgroundEventArgs args) {      RunningInBackground = true ; }

在mainpage中添加如下代码：

[C#]

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protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e) {      if (App.Geolocator == null )      {          App.Geolocator = new Geolocator();          App.Geolocator.DesiredAccuracy = PositionAccuracy.High;          App.Geolocator.MovementThreshold = 100;          App.Geolocator.PositionChanged += geolocator_PositionChanged;      } }    void geolocator_PositionChanged(Geolocator sender, PositionChangedEventArgs args) {      if (!App.RunningInBackground)      {          Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>          {              LatitudeTextBlock.Text = "经度：" + args.Position.Coordinate.Latitude.ToString( "0.00" );              LongitudeTextBlock.Text = "纬度：" + args.Position.Coordinate.Longitude.ToString( "0.00" );          });      }      else      {          Microsoft.Phone.Shell.ShellToast toast = new Microsoft.Phone.Shell.ShellToast();          toast.Content = args.Position.Coordinate.Latitude.ToString( "0.00" ) + "," + args.Position.Coordinate.Longitude.ToString( "0.00" );          toast.Title = "位置：" ;          toast.NavigationUri = new Uri( "/Page1.xaml" , UriKind.Relative);          toast.Show();         } }

 

二、地图和导航

要用到新地图控件，需要先注册，在phone:PhoneApplicationPage注册标识。

[XAML]

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1	xmlns:maps="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Maps.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone.Maps"

1.引入地图控件

在XAML中添加如下代码即可引入控件。我们看到Center就是指当前地图中心点的经纬度；ZoomLevel就是缩放级别； LandmarksEnabled 属性设置为 true 以在 Map 控件上显示地标； PedestrianFeaturesEnabled 设置为 true，以显示步行街构造。

[XAML]

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<!--ContentPanel - 在此处放置其他内容--> < Grid x:Name = "ContentPanel" Grid.Row = "1" Margin = "12,0,12,0" >      <!--地图控件-->      < maps:Map x:Name = "MyMap" Center = "30.5473, 114.2922" ZoomLevel = "10" LandmarksEnabled = "true" PedestrianFeaturesEnabled = "true" />      < Button Foreground = "Red" Content = "指定位置" HorizontalAlignment = "Left" Margin = "295,530,0,0" VerticalAlignment = "Top" Click = "Button_Click_1" Width = "151" />      < Button Foreground = "Red" Content = "制图模式" HorizontalAlignment = "Left" Margin = "10,530,0,0" VerticalAlignment = "Top" Click = "Button_Click_2" />      < Button Foreground = "Red" Content = "颜色模式" HorizontalAlignment = "Left" Margin = "134,530,0,0" VerticalAlignment = "Top" Click = "Button_Click_3" />      < Button Foreground = "Red" Content = "我的位置" HorizontalAlignment = "Left" Margin = "10,602,0,0" VerticalAlignment = "Top" Click = "Button_Click_4" /> </ Grid >

 

2.设置制图模式

在制图模式中有四个选项，分别如下：
    Road：显示正常的默认二维地图。
    Aerial：显示航测图。
    Hybrid：显示与道路和标签重叠的地图的“航测”视图。
    Terrain：为显示的高地和水域构造（例如高山和河流）显示自然地形图像。

下面看看如何切换。

[C#]

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//切换制图模式 private void Button_Click_2( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {      switch (MyMap.CartographicMode)      {          case MapCartographicMode.Aerial:              MyMap.CartographicMode = MapCartographicMode.Hybrid;              break ;          case MapCartographicMode.Hybrid:              MyMap.CartographicMode = MapCartographicMode.Road;              break ;          case MapCartographicMode.Road:              MyMap.CartographicMode = MapCartographicMode.Terrain;              break ;          case MapCartographicMode.Terrain:              MyMap.CartographicMode = MapCartographicMode.Aerial;              break ;      } }

 

3.设置颜色模式

颜色分为明和暗两种，我们看看如何实现。

[C#]

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//切换颜色模式 private void Button_Click_3( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {      if (MyMap.ColorMode == MapColorMode.Light)          MyMap.ColorMode = MapColorMode.Dark;      else MyMap.ColorMode = MapColorMode.Light; }

 

4.指定新视角位置

我们可以通过编程方式切换视角位置到新的经纬度，并可以指定切换时的过渡效果，这里指定的是抛物线的方式。

[C#]

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private void Button_Click_1( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {      //以抛物线的方式，把视角定位到光谷软件园中心湖上空。      MyMap.SetView( new GeoCoordinate(30.476724, 114.406563), 16, MapAnimationKind.Parabolic); }

 

5.定位我的位置并标记

把地图定位到我的当前位置。这个时候就需要借助定位的功能，通过定位功能获取到的经纬度实例类型不一样，需要预先做一个转换。转换类CoordinateConverter如下。

[C#]

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public static class CoordinateConverter {      /// <summary>      /// 把定位位置转换为地图位置      /// </summary>      /// <param name="geocoordinate"></param>      /// <returns></returns>      public static GeoCoordinate ConvertGeocoordinate(Geocoordinate geocoordinate)      {          return new GeoCoordinate              (              geocoordinate.Latitude,              geocoordinate.Longitude,              geocoordinate.Altitude ?? Double.NaN,              geocoordinate.Accuracy,              geocoordinate.AltitudeAccuracy ?? Double.NaN,              geocoordinate.Speed ?? Double.NaN,              geocoordinate.Heading ?? Double.NaN              );      } }

然后，我们需要在地图上画一个小正方形标记我的当前位置，并把地图定位到这里。

[C#]

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//添加其他控件到地图，标识我的当前位置 private async void Button_Click_4( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {      //获取我的地理位置      Geolocator myGeolocator = new Geolocator();      //精度      myGeolocator.DesiredAccuracyInMeters = 1;      Geoposition myGeoposition = await myGeolocator.GetGeopositionAsync();      Geocoordinate myGeocoordinate = myGeoposition.Coordinate;      //转换经纬度GeoCoordinate      GeoCoordinate myGeoCoordinate =  CoordinateConverter.ConvertGeocoordinate(myGeocoordinate);         //MessageBox.Show(myGeoCoordinate.ToString());         //定位地图到我的位置      MyMap.SetView(myGeoCoordinate, 16, MapAnimationKind.Parabolic);         //画一个正方形，然后渲染在地图的我的当前位置上      Rectangle MyRectangle = new Rectangle();      MyRectangle.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);      MyRectangle.Height = 20;      MyRectangle.Width = 20;         MapOverlay MyOverlay = new MapOverlay();      MyOverlay.Content = MyRectangle;      MyOverlay.GeoCoordinate = myGeoCoordinate;      MyOverlay.PositionOrigin = new Point(0, 0.5);         MapLayer MyLayer = new MapLayer();      MyLayer.Add(MyOverlay);      MyMap.Layers.Add(MyLayer);    }

 

6.获取行车路线

我们还可以通过定位和地图实现导航的功能，下面演示了，从我的当前位置（光谷软件园）到指定的位置（光谷创业街）如何行车。

[XAML]

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< phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources >      < DataTemplate x:Key = "RouteListTemplate" >          < TextBlock Text = "{Binding}" FontSize = "{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeMedium}" Margin = "5,5,0,0" />      </ DataTemplate > </ phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources > <!--LayoutRoot 是包含所有页面内容的根网格-->      < Grid x:Name = "LayoutRoot" Background = "Transparent" >          < Grid.RowDefinitions >              < RowDefinition Height = "auto" />              < RowDefinition Height = "*" />              < RowDefinition Height = "auto" />              < RowDefinition Height = "*" />          </ Grid.RowDefinitions >          < TextBlock Text = "地图导航" Grid.Row = "0" FontSize = "{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}" Margin = "0,0,0,20" />          < maps:Map x:Name = "MyMap" Grid.Row = "1" Center = "30.476724, 114.406563" ZoomLevel = "13" />          < TextBlock Text = "驾车路线" Grid.Row = "2" FontSize = "{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}" Margin = "0,10,0,20" />          < phone:LongListSelector x:Name = "RouteLLS" Grid.Row = "3" Background = "Transparent" ItemTemplate = "{StaticResource RouteListTemplate}" LayoutMode = "List"     IsGroupingEnabled = "False" /> </ Grid >

 

[C#]

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public partial class Page1 : PhoneApplicationPage {      public Page1()      {          InitializeComponent();          this .GetCoordinates();      }        RouteQuery MyQuery = null ;      GeocodeQuery Mygeocodequery = null ;        List<GeoCoordinate> MyCoordinates = new List<GeoCoordinate>();        private async void GetCoordinates()      {          Geolocator MyGeolocator = new Geolocator();          MyGeolocator.DesiredAccuracyInMeters = 5;          Geoposition MyGeoPosition = null ;          try          {              MyGeoPosition = await MyGeolocator.GetGeopositionAsync(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));          }          catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)          {              MessageBox.Show( "系统设置已关闭位置服务。" );          }          catch (Exception ex)          {          }          MyCoordinates.Add( new GeoCoordinate(MyGeoPosition.Coordinate.Latitude, MyGeoPosition.Coordinate.Longitude));                Mygeocodequery = new GeocodeQuery();          Mygeocodequery.SearchTerm = "光谷创业街" ;          Mygeocodequery.GeoCoordinate = new GeoCoordinate(MyGeoPosition.Coordinate.Latitude, MyGeoPosition.Coordinate.Longitude);            Mygeocodequery.QueryCompleted += Mygeocodequery_QueryCompleted;          Mygeocodequery.QueryAsync();          }      void Mygeocodequery_QueryCompleted( object sender, QueryCompletedEventArgs<IList<MapLocation>> e)      {          if (e.Error == null )          {              MyQuery = new RouteQuery();              MyCoordinates.Add(e.Result[0].GeoCoordinate);              MyQuery.Waypoints = MyCoordinates;              MyQuery.QueryCompleted += MyQuery_QueryCompleted;              MyQuery.QueryAsync();              Mygeocodequery.Dispose();          }      }        void MyQuery_QueryCompleted( object sender, QueryCompletedEventArgs<Route> e)      {          if (e.Error == null )          {              //获取具体的行程路线              Route MyRoute = e.Result;              MapRoute MyMapRoute = new MapRoute(MyRoute);              MyMap.AddRoute(MyMapRoute);              List< string > RouteList = new List< string >();              foreach (RouteLeg leg in MyRoute.Legs)              {                  foreach (RouteManeuver maneuver in leg.Maneuvers)                  {                      RouteList.Add(maneuver.InstructionText);                  }              }                RouteLLS.ItemsSource = RouteList;              MyQuery.Dispose();          }      }   }     作者：[Lipan] 出处：[http://www.cnblogs.com/lipan/]