linux 计算星期对应的日期,如何计算给定日期的星期数？

请注意，虽然您对一年中第n周的定义是可以接受的，但它也不是“标准”的定义。

ISO 8601定义了用于表示日期，时间和时区的标准。它定义了从星期一开始的几周。它还说，一年的第1周是从给定年份起至少包含4天的一周。因此，20xx年12月29日，30日和31日可能在20xy的第1周(其中xy = xx +1)，而20xy 1月1日，2日和3日可能都在20xxy的最后一周。此外，可能会有一个星期53。

[ 补充：请注意，C标准和`strftime()函数提供了从星期日开始的几周以及从星期一开始的几周。尚不清楚C标准是否为基于星期日的星期提供第0周的年数。另请参阅Emerick Rogul的答案。]

然后是有趣的测试阶段-您什么时候开始第53周？答案是2010年1月1日(星期五)，即2009-W53(实际上是2010年1月3日，星期日)。同样，2005年1月1日星期六是2004-W53，但2006年1月1日星期日是2005-W52。

这是以下代码中的注释的摘录，该代码实际上是Informix SPL(存储过程语言)，但是可读性强，尽管可能不可写，但无需更多说明。“ ||” operator是SQL字符串串联操作，星期日是第0天，星期一是第1天，...星期六是一周的第6天。注释中有大量注释，包括标准中的相关文本。一行注释以' --' 开始；多行注释可能以“ {” 开头，并以下一个“ }” 结尾。

-- @(#)$Id: iso8601_weekday.spl,v 1.1 2001/04/03 19:34:43 jleffler Exp $

--

-- Calculate ISO 8601 Week Number for given date

-- Defines procedure: iso8601_weekday().

-- Uses procedure: iso8601_weeknum().

{

According to a summary of the ISO 8601:1988 standard "Data Elements and

Interchange Formats -- Information Interchange -- Representation of

dates and times":

The week notation can also be extended by a number indicating the

day of the week.  For example the day 1996-12-31 which is the

Tuesday (day 2) of the first week of 1997 can also be written as

1997-W01-2 or 1997W012

for applications like industrial planning where many things like

shift rotations are organized per week and knowing the week number

and the day of the week is more handy than knowing the day of the

month.

This procedure uses iso8601_weeknum() to format the YYYY-Www part of the

date, and appends '-d' to the result, allowing for Informix's coding of

Sunday as day 0 rather than day 7 as required by ISO 8601.

}

CREATE PROCEDURE iso8601_weekday(dateval DATE DEFAULT TODAY) RETURNING CHAR(10);

DEFINE rv CHAR(10);

DEFINE dw CHAR(4);

LET dw = WEEKDAY(dateval);

IF dw = 0 THEN

LET dw = 7;

END IF;

RETURN iso8601_weeknum(dateval) || '-' || dw;

END PROCEDURE;

-- @(#)$Id: iso8601_weeknum.spl,v 1.1 2001/02/27 20:36:25 jleffler Exp $

--

-- Calculate ISO 8601 Week Number for given date

-- Defines procedures: day_one_week_one() and iso8601_weeknum().

{

According to a summary of the ISO 8601:1988 standard "Data Elements and

Interchange Formats -- Information Interchange -- Representation of

dates and times":

In commercial and industrial applications (delivery times,

production plans, etc.), especially in Europe, it is often required

to refer to a week of a year.  Week 01 of a year is per definition

the first week which has the Thursday in this year, which is

equivalent to the week which contains the fourth day of January.  In

other words, the first week of a new year is the week which has the

majority of its days in the new year.  Week 01 might also contain

days from the previous year and the week before week 01 of a year is

the last week (52 or 53) of the previous year even if it contains

days from the new year.  A week starts with Monday (day 1) and ends

with Sunday (day 7).  For example, the first week of the year 1997

lasts from 1996-12-30 to 1997-01-05 and can be written in standard

notation as

1997-W01 or 1997W01

The week notation can also be extended by a number indicating the

day of the week.  For example the day 1996-12-31 which is the

Tuesday (day 2) of the first week of 1997 can also be written as

1997-W01-2 or 1997W012

for applications like industrial planning where many things like

shift rotations are organized per week and knowing the week number

and the day of the week is more handy than knowing the day of the

month.

Referring to the standard itself, section 3.17 defines a calendar week:

week, calendar: A seven day period within a calendar year, starting

on a Monday and identified by its ordinal number within the year;

the first calendar week of the year is the one that includes the

first Thursday of that year.  In the Gregorian calendar, this is

equivalent to the week which includes 4 January.

Section 5.2.3 "Date identified by Calendar week and day numbers" states:

Calendar week is represented by two numeric digits.  The first

calendar week of a year shall be identified as 01 [...]

Day of the week is represented by one decimal digit.  Monday

shall be identified as day 1 of any calendar week [...]

Section 5.2.3.1 "Complete representation" states:

When the application clearly identifies the need for a complete

representation of a date identified by calendar week and day

numbers, it shall be one of the alphanumeric representations as

follows, where CCYY represents a calendar year, W is the week

designator, ww represents the ordinal number of a calendar week

within the year, and D represents the ordinal number within the

calendar week.

Basic format: CCYYWwwD

Example: 1985W155

Extended format: CCYY-Www-D

Example: 1985-W15-5

Both the summary and the formal definition are intuitively clear, but it

is not obvious how to translate it into an algorithm.  However, we can

deal with the problem by exhaustively enumerating the seven options for

the day of the week on which 1st January falls (with actual year values

for concreteness):

1st January 2001 is Monday    => Week 1 starts on 2001-01-01

1st January 2002 is Tuesday   => Week 1 starts on 2001-12-31

1st January 2003 is Wednesday => Week 1 starts on 2002-12-30

1st January 2004 is Thursday  => Week 1 starts on 2003-12-29

1st January 2010 is Friday    => Week 1 starts on 2010-01-04

1st January 2005 is Saturday  => Week 1 starts on 2005-01-03

1st January 2006 is Sunday    => Week 1 starts on 2006-01-02

(Cross-check: 1st January 1997 was a Wednesday; the summary notes state

that week 1 of 1997 started on 1996-12-30, which is consistent with the

table derived for dates in the first decade of the third millennium

above).

When working with the Informix DATE types, bear in mind that Informix

uses WEEKDAY values 0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday, 6 = Saturday.  When the

weekday of the first of January has the value in the LH column, you need

to add the value in the RH column to the 1st of January to obtain the

date of the first day of the first week of the year.

Weekday         Offset to

1st January     1st day of week 1

0               +1

1                0

2               -1

3               -2

4               -3

5               +3

6               +2

This can be written as MOD(11-w,7)-3 where w is the (Informix encoding

of the) weekday of 1st January and the value 11 is used to ensure that

no negative values are presented to the MOD operator.  Hence, the

expression for the date corresponding to the 1st day (Monday) of the 1st

week of a given year, yyyy, is:

d1w1 = MDY(1, 1, yyyy) + MOD(11 - WEEKDAY(MDY(1,1,yyyy)), 7) - 3

This expression is encapsulated in stored procedure day_one_week_one:

}

CREATE PROCEDURE day_one_week_one(yyyy INTEGER) RETURNING DATE;

DEFINE jan1 DATE;

LET jan1 = MDY(1, 1, yyyy);

RETURN jan1 + MOD(11 - WEEKDAY(jan1), 7) - 3;

END PROCEDURE;

{

Given this date d1w1, we can calculate the week number of any other date

in the same year as:

TRUNC((dateval - d1w1) / 7) + 1

The residual issues are ensuring that the wraparounds are correct.  If

the given date is earlier than the start of the first week of the year

that contains it, then the date belongs to the last week of the previous

year.  If the given date is on or after the start of the first week of

the next year, then the date belongs to the first week of the next year.

Given these observations, we can write iso8601_weeknum as shown below.

(Beware: iso8601_week_number() is too long for servers with the

18-character limit; so is day_one_of_week_one()).

Then comes the interesting testing phase -- when do you get week 53?

One answer is on Friday 1st January 2010, which is in 2009-W53 (as,

indeed, is Sunday 3rd January 2010).  Similarly, Saturday 1st January

2005 is in 2004-W53, but Sunday 1st January 2006 is in 2005-W52.

}

CREATE PROCEDURE iso8601_weeknum(dateval DATE DEFAULT TODAY) RETURNING CHAR(8);

DEFINE rv CHAR(8);

DEFINE yyyy CHAR(4);

DEFINE ww CHAR(2);

DEFINE d1w1 DATE;

DEFINE tv DATE;

DEFINE wn INTEGER;

DEFINE yn INTEGER;

-- Calculate year and week number.

LET yn = YEAR(dateval);

LET d1w1 = day_one_week_one(yn);

IF dateval < d1w1 THEN

-- Date is in early January and is in last week of prior year

LET yn = yn - 1;

LET d1w1 = day_one_week_one(yn);

ELSE

LET tv = day_one_week_one(yn + 1);

IF dateval >= tv THEN

-- Date is in late December and is in the first week of next year

LET yn = yn + 1;

LET d1w1 = tv;

END IF;

END IF;

LET wn = TRUNC((dateval - d1w1) / 7) + 1;

-- Calculation complete: yn is year number and wn is week number.

-- Format result.

LET yyyy = yn;

IF wn < 10 THEN

LET ww = '0' || wn;

ELSE

LET ww = wn;

END IF

LET rv = yyyy || '-W' || ww;

RETURN rv;

END PROCEDURE;

为了完整起见，反函数也易于使用上述day_one_week_one()函数编写：

-- @(#)$Id: ywd_date.spl,v 1.1 2012/12/29 05:13:27 jleffler Exp $

-- @(#)Create ywd_date() and ywdstr_date() stored procedures

-- Convert a date in format year, week, day (ISO 8601) to DATE.

-- Two variants:

-- ywd_date(yyyy SMALLINT, ww SMALLINT, dd SMALLINT) RETURNING DATE;

-- ywdstr_date(ywd CHAR(10)) RETURNING DATE;

-- NB: If week 53 is supplied, there is no check that the year had week

--     53 (GIGO).

-- NB: If year yyyy is a leap year and yyyy-01-01 falls on Wed (3) or

--     Thu (4), there are 53 weeks in the year.

-- NB: If year yyyy is not a leap year and yyyy-01-01 falls on Thu (4),

--     there are 53 weeks in the year.

CREATE PROCEDURE ywd_date(yyyy SMALLINT, ww SMALLINT, dd SMALLINT) RETURNING DATE AS date;

DEFINE d DATE;

-- Check ranges

IF yyyy < 1 OR yyyy > 9999 OR ww < 1 OR ww > 53 OR dd < 1 OR dd > 7 THEN

RETURN NULL;

END IF;

LET d = day_one_week_one(yyyy);

LET d = d + (ww - 1) * 7 + (dd - 1);

RETURN d;

END PROCEDURE;

-- Input: 2012-W52-5

CREATE PROCEDURE ywdstr_date(ywd CHAR(10)) RETURNING DATE AS date;

DEFINE yyyy SMALLINT;

DEFINE ww   SMALLINT;

DEFINE dd   SMALLINT;

LET yyyy = SUBSTR(ywd,  1, 4);

LET ww   = SUBSTR(ywd,  7, 2);

LET dd   = SUBSTR(ywd, 10, 1);

RETURN ywd_date(yyyy, ww, dd);

END PROCEDURE;

CREATE TEMP TABLE test_dates(d DATE);

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2011-12-28');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2011-12-29');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2011-12-30');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2011-12-31');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-01');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-02');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-03');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-04');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-05');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-06');

INSERT INTO test_dates VALUES('2012-01-07');

SELECT d, iso8601_weeknum(d), iso8601_weekday(d), ywdstr_date(iso8601_weekday(d))

FROM test_dates

ORDER BY d;

如评论中所述，即使年份仅接受52周，该代码也将接受53周的日期。