dllhell 听说过吗?_您已经听说过X25519，但是X448有何特别之处？-CSDN博客

dllhell 听说过吗?

Elliptic curve methods are now used extensively in cybersecurity, and your connection to this web page probably uses elliptic curve methods for its key exchange. Normally for a secure connection, we will use something like AES for the main encryption, and where the key is negotiated with ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman).

椭圆曲线方法现在已广泛用于网络安全中，与此网页的连接可能使用椭圆曲线方法进行密钥交换。通常，对于安全连接，我们将使用诸如AES之类的主加密方式，并且与ECDH(椭圆曲线Diffie Hellman)协商密钥。

So you may have heard about Curve 25519 (created by the mighty Dan Bernstein [here]), as it’s used in many applications, including with Tor, and OpenSSL. Overall, it uses a finite field defined with a prime number of:

因此，您可能已经听说过Curve 25519 (由强大的Dan Bernstein 在此处创建)，因为它已在许多应用程序中使用，包括与Tor和OpenSSL一起使用。总体而言，它使用以下列素数定义的有限域：

2²⁵⁵-19

All this means is that all of the operations are done (mod 2²⁵⁵-19). With Curve 25519 we use a key exchange method of X25519 (and which basically just uses one of the co-ordinates of the elliptic curve). Here is my implementation of X25519 [demo]:

这意味着所有操作都已完成(mod2²⁵⁵-19)。对于Curve 25519，我们使用X25519的密钥交换方法(并且基本上只使用椭圆曲线的坐标之一)。这是我对X25519的实现[ demo ]：

And so while X25519 gives around 128-bit security, we can improve on this with Curve 448, and which implements around 224-bit security, and uses a prime number of:

因此，尽管X25519提供了约128位的安全性 ，但我们可以使用Curve 448对其进行改进，它可以实现约224位的安全性，并使用以下质数：

2⁴⁴⁸-2²²⁴-1

This considerably improves the security of the key exchange method, and should be used in applications that need a much higher security level than X25519. The coding for this in Python is [demo]:

这大大提高了密钥交换方法的安全性，应在需要比X25519高得多的安全性级别的应用程序中使用。 Python中对此的编码为[ demo ]：

The coding for these is based RFC 7748 [here]. So here are two demos:

这些的编码基于RFC 7748 [ here ]。因此，这是两个演示：