java小球循环反弹编程_java编程2条件循环和调试

java小球循环反弹编程

1. Control Flow

   控制流

(1) The Definition of the Control Flow

(1)控制流程的定义

The sequence of statements that are actually executed in a program. Conditionals and loops enable us to choreograph control flow. For example,

在程序中实际执行的语句序列。 条件和循环使我们能够编排控制流。 例如，

2. Conditionals: the if statement

2.条件：if语句

(1) The if Statement

(1)if语句

The if statement executes certain statements depending on the values of certain variables. It follows the following steps:

if语句根据某些变量的值执行某些语句。 它遵循以下步骤：

• Evaluate a boolean expression.
  评估布尔表达式。
• If the boolean is true, execute a statement.
  如果布尔值为true，则执行一条语句。
• If the boolean is false, execute the statement behind else.
  如果布尔值为假，则执行其他后面的语句。

(2) The if Statement: Example #1 Simulate

(2)if语句：示例1模拟

The following code simulates a flip coin.

以下代码模拟了一个掷硬币。

public class Flip
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        if (Math.random() < 0.5)
            System.out.println("Heads");
        else
            System.out.println("Tails");
    }
}

(3) The if Statement: Example #2 Sort

(3)if语句：示例＃2排序

The following code to swap two integers if the first one is greater than the second one.

以下代码在第一个大于第二个整数时交换两个整数。

public class TwoSort
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        int b = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
        if (b < a)
        {
            int t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t;
        }
        System.out.println(a);
        System.out.println(b);
    }
}

(4) The if Statement: Example #3 Sort

(4)if语句：示例＃3排序

The following code to sort three integers a, b, and c.

以下代码对三个整数a ， b和c进行排序。

public class ThreeSort
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        int b = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
        int c = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
        if (b < a)
        { int t = a; a = b; b = t; }
        if (c < a)
        { int t = a; a = c; c = t; }
        if (c < b)
        { int t = b; b = c; c = t; }
        System.out.println(a);
        System.out.println(b);
        System.out.println(c);
    }
}

(5) The if Statement: Example #4 Error Checks

(5)if语句：示例4错误检查

Sometimes, we can use the if statement to check the variables.

有时，我们可以使用if语句检查变量。

public class IntOps1
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        int b = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
        int sum = a + b;
        int prod = a * b;
        System.out.println(a + " + " + b + " = " + sum);
        System.out.println(a + " * " + b + " = " + prod);
        if (b == 0) System.out.println("Division by zero");
        else System.out.println(a + " / " + b + " = " + a / b);
        if (b == 0) System.out.println("Division by zero");
        else System.out.println(a + " % " + b + " = " + a % b);
    }
}

3. Loops: The while Loop

3.循环：while循环

(1) The Definition of the while Loop

(1)while循环的定义

Execute certain statements repeatedly until certain conditions are met.

重复执行某些语句，直到满足某些条件为止。

• Evaluate a boolean expression
  评估布尔表达式
• If true, execute a sequence of statements
  如果为true，则执行一系列语句
• Repeat
  重复

(2) The while Loop: Example #1 Power

(2)while循环：示例1电源

Prints the powers of two from 2⁰ to 2ⁿ.

从2⁰到2ⁿ打印2的幂。

public class PowersOfTwo
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        int i = 0;
        int v = 1;
        while (i <= n)
        {
            System.out.println(v);
            i = i + 1;
            v = 2 * v;
        }
    }
}

(3) The while Loop: Example #2 Implement Square Root

(3)while循环：示例2：实现平方根

The Newton-Raphson method to compute sqrt(c) is:

用于计算sqrt(c)的Newton-Raphson方法是：

• Initialize t0 = c
  初始化t0 = c
• Set ti+1 to be the average of ti and c / ti
  将ti + 1设置为ti和c / ti的平均值
• Repeat until ti = c/ti (up to desired precision)
  重复直到ti = c / ti(达到所需的精度)

public class Sqrt
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        double EPS = 1E-15;
        double c = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
        double t = c;
        while (Math.abs(t - c/t) > t*EPS)
            t = (c/t + t) / 2.0;
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}

4. Loops: The for Loop

4.循环：for循环

(1) The Definition of the for Loop

(1)for循环的定义

The for loop is an alternative repetition structure.

for循环是另一种重复结构。

• Evaluate an initialization statement
  评估初始化语句
• Evaluate a boolean expression
  评估布尔表达式
• If true, execute a sequence of statements, then execute an increment statement
  如果为true，则执行一系列语句，然后执行一个增量语句
• Repeat
  重复

(2) The for Loop: Example #1 Ruler

(2)for循环：＃1标尺示例

public class Ruler1
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        String ruler = " ";
        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
            ruler = ruler + i + ruler;
        System.out.println(ruler);
    }
}

5. Nested Conditionals and Loops

5.嵌套条件和循环

(1) The Definition of Nesting

(1)嵌套的定义

Any “statement” within a conditional or loop may itself be a conditional or a loop statement.

条件或循环中的任何“声明”本身都可以是条件或循环语句。

• Enables complex control flows
  实现复杂的控制流程
• Adds to the challenge of debugging
  增加了调试的挑战

(2) Nesting: Example #1 Gamber’s Ruin Problem

(2)嵌套：示例＃1甘伯的废墟问题

The following code will show us the result of a type of gambling. Look into the result, you can find out that it will never be a good idea to do gambling.

以下代码将向我们展示一种赌博的结果。 查看结果，您会发现赌博永远不是一个好主意。

public class Gamble {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        for (int t = 0; t < 5; t++)
        {
            int goal = 10;
            int cash = 5;
            while (cash > 0 && cash < goal)
                if (Math.random() < 0.45) cash++;
                else cash--;
            if (cash == goal) System.out.println("You win");
            else System.out.println("You lose");
        }
    }
}

(3) Nesting: Example #2 Income Tax Calculator

(3)嵌套：示例2所得税计算器

Based on the following code, we can calculate the income tax and our real salary automatically.

根据以下代码，我们可以自动计算所得税和实际工资。

public class IncomeTax {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double income = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
        double rate = 0.35;
        if (income < 47450) rate = 0.22;
        else if (income < 114650) rate = 0.25;
        else if (income < 174700) rate = 0.28;
        else if (income < 311950) rate = 0.33;
        System.out.println("The income tax is: " + rate * income);
        System.out.println("The real salary is: " + (1 - rate) * income);
    }
}

6. Debugging

6.调试

Is your program a legal Java program? Think about the following sets to debug your program.

您的程序是合法的Java程序吗？ 考虑以下设置以调试程序。

• Java compiler can help you find out.
  Java编译器可以帮助您找到答案。
• Find the first compiler error (if any)
  查找第一个编译器错误(如果有)
• Repeat
  重复
• Result: An executable Factors.class file
  结果：可执行的Factors.class文件

翻译自: https://medium.com/adamedelwiess/java-programming-2-conditionals-loops-and-debugging-d6782a0d018e

java小球循环反弹编程