python初学者编程指南_2020年面向初学者的终极Python指南

python初学者编程指南

Python is a popular programming language created by Guido van Rossum who released it in 1991. Due to its rise in popularity, I thought it would be a good idea to write an article about the fundamentals of the language.

Python是由Guido van Rossum于1991年发布的一种流行的编程语言。由于它的流行，我认为写一篇有关该语言基础的文章是一个好主意。

If you’re starting out with Python and wondering why you might choose to learn this language, keep in mind that it is cross-platform, has a simple syntax, and is similar to English. In addition to this, Python is a high-level programming language, so a lot of work is done with a small amount of code.

如果您刚开始使用Python，并且想知道为什么选择学习这种语言，请记住它是跨平台的，具有简单的语法，并且类似于英语。 除此之外，Python是一种高级编程语言，因此只需少量代码即可完成大量工作。

Sold on Python and excited to progress? Great, let’s dive in.

在Python上出售并且对进步感到兴奋吗？ 太好了，让我们潜入。

入门 (Getting Started)

Create a file called app.py and add the following simple code:

创建一个名为app.py的文件，并添加以下简单代码：

print("Hello Medium")

This is the most simple program — as you can see there is no semicolon.

这是最简单的程序-如您所见，没有分号。

Python Syntax

Python语法

Python uses almost no brackets and absolutely no semicolons, but it does use indention. When using a code editor like visual studio code, the indention will be added automatically.

Python几乎不使用方括号，并且绝对不使用分号，但是它确实使用缩进。 当使用类似Visual Studio代码的代码编辑器时，缩进将自动添加。

if 1 + 1 == 2:
  print("1 + 1 = 2")

Comments

注释

Commenting in Python is done using a hashtag.

Python中的注释是使用＃标签完成的。

if 1 + 1 == 2:
  print("1 + 1 = 2")# This is a comment"""This is the way how to use multi-linecomments
"""

变数 (Variables)

As in every other programming language, Python has variables. Variables are like containers for numbers, strings, and booleans. Variables are very easy to create as follows:

与其他所有编程语言一样，Python也具有变量。 变量就像数字，字符串和布尔值的容器。 变量很容易创建，如下所示：

x = 1
y = 3
z = x * y

A variable can have a short name and has to start with a letter or an underscore, and they are case sensitive.

变量可以短名，并且必须以字母或下划线开头，并且区分大小写。

资料类型 (Data Types)

In programming, the data type is an important concept. Here are some examples:

在编程中，数据类型是一个重要的概念。 这里有些例子：

• String — A string is a sequence of characters
  String —字符串是字符序列
• Integer — An integer data type is a non-decimal number
  整数—整数数据类型是非十进制数字
• Float — A float is a number with a decimal point or a number
  浮点数—浮点数是带小数点的数字或数字
• Boolean — A Boolean represents TRUE or FALSE.
  布尔值—布尔值表示TRUE或FALSE。
• Array — An array stores multiple values in one single variable.
  数组—数组将多个值存储在一个变量中。

Getting the data type

获取数据类型

x = 5
print(type(x))# Outputs: <class 'int'>

基本运算符 (Basic Operators)

• + (Addition)
  +(加法)
• - (Subtraction)
  -(减法)
• * (Multiplication)
  *(乘法)
• / (Division)
  /(部门)
• % (Modules)
  ％(模组)
• ** (Exponentiation)
  **(取幂)

馆藏 (Collections)

There are four collection data types in the Python programming language:

Python编程语言中有四种收集数据类型：

Lists

清单

A list is a collection that is ordered and changeable. It allows duplicate members. In Python, lists are written with square brackets.

列表是有序且可更改的集合。 它允许重复的成员。 在Python中，列表用方括号括起来。

mylist = ["one", "two", "three"]
print(mylist)

Tuple

元组

A tuple is a collection that is ordered and unchangeable. It allows duplicate members. In Python, tuples are written with round brackets.

元组是一个集合，是有序的 ， 不可改变的 。 它允许重复的成员。 在Python中，元组用圆括号括起来。

mytuple = ("one", "two", "three")
print(mytuple)

Sets

套装

A set is a collection that is unordered and unindexed. It does not allow duplicate members.

集合是无序且无索引的集合。 它不允许重复的成员。

myset = {"one", "two", "three"}
print(myset)

Dictionaries

辞典

A dictionary is a collection that is unordered, changeable, and indexed. It does not allow duplicate members.

字典是无序，可变和索引的集合。 它不允许重复的成员。

myDict= {
  "name": "Medium",
  "url": "https://medium.com",
  "date": "20-08-2020"
}
print(myDict)

数组 (Arrays)

Arrays are used to store multiple values in one single variable.

数组用于将多个值存储在一个变量中。

cars = ["Ford", "Audi", "Tesla"]

Accessing Elements

访问元素

You refer to an array element by referring to the index number.

您通过引用索引号来引用数组元素。

x = cars[0]
cars[0] = "Toyota"

The Length of an Array

数组的长度

x = len(cars)

条件语句 (Conditional Statements)

As mentioned with the indentions, conditional statements are created without brackets.

如缩进所述，条件语句创建时没有括号。

if 1 + 1 == 2 
  print("1 + 1 = 2")
elif 1 + 1 != 2
  print("Error")

循环 (Loops)

As in other programming languages, Python has loops to perform repeating acts.

与其他编程语言一样，Python具有执行重复动作的循环。

While loops

While循环

With the while loop, we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

使用while循环，只要条件为真，我们就可以执行一组语句。

i = 1while (1 == i)
  print("i = 1)
  i += 1

This will display ‘i = 1‘ one time.

这将一次显示“ i = 1”。

For Loops

对于循环

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence.

for循环用于遍历序列。

cars = ["Tesla", "Audi", "Ford"]
for x in cars:
  print(x)

功能 (Functions)

A function is a block of code that only runs when it is called.

函数是仅在调用时运行的代码块。

Creating a function

创建一个功能

def my_function():
  print("Hello Medium from a function")

Calling the function

调用函数

def my_function():
  print("Hello Medium from a function")my_function()

Arguments

争论

def my_function(name):
  print("Hello Medium from" + name)my_function("Bryan")

结论 (Conclusion)

Learning a new language can be both daunting and exciting but it’s always worthwhile. With Python having such a dominant presence in the programming world it’s a smart language to dive into, opening up a list of possibilities from progressing your career to having fun with side projects. I hope that this guide has provided a helpful introduction to Python and has helped direct you on your road to mastering the language. Thanks for reading!

学习一种新语言既令人生畏又令人兴奋，但这总是值得的。 Python在编程世界中占有如此重要的地位，因此它是一门精妙的语言，它为您提供了从职业发展到有趣的附带项目的各种可能性。 我希望本指南对Python有所帮助，并帮助您指导您掌握该语言。 谢谢阅读！

翻译自: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/the-ultimate-python-guide-for-beginners-in-2020-ddf736923024

python初学者编程指南