大多数情况下你可以从BIOS、产品目录或者干脆手动找出你的系统所持的最大内存。这里,我们介绍一种简单有用的技巧——使用dmidecode来找出系统支持的最大内存,这样你就无需打开机箱或者参照BIOS和产品目录了。
什么是 dmidecode?
就像你可能知道的一样, dmidecode是一个将计算机DMI(又名SMBIOS)表的内容转换为可读格式的工具。这个表包含了系统硬件组件的介绍以及其他一些如序列号和IOS版本等有用的信息。使用dmidecode你能够获取此项信息,而无需去探测真实的硬件。
找出你的系统所支持的最大内存
请确定你已经在系统中安装了dmidecode,我觉得你的操作系统应该已经自动安装过了,不过并不非常确定。
在基于Deb的系统中安装
sudo apt-getinstall dmidecode
在基于RPM的系统中安装
sudo yum install dmidecode
在SUSE/openSUSE中安装
sudo zypperindmidecode
好了,我们已经安装了dmidecode,接下来让我们找出支持的最大内存。输入以下命令:
sudo dmidecode-t16
输出样本
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS2.6present.
Handle0x0014,DMI type16,15bytes
PhysicalMemoryArray
Location:SystemBoardOrMotherboard
Use:SystemMemory
ErrorCorrectionType:None
MaximumCapacity:16GB
ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided
NumberOfDevices:2
就像你看到的,我的系统支持最大内存到16G,并且有两个内存插槽,简单吧?
接下来,让我们找出现在已经安装的内存的详细信息。
sudo dmidecode-t17
输出样本
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS2.6present.
Handle0x0017,DMI type17,28bytes
MemoryDevice
ArrayHandle:0x0014
ErrorInformationHandle:0x0000
TotalWidth:Unknown
DataWidth:Unknown
Size:NoModuleInstalled
FormFactor:DIMM
Set:None
Locator:DIMM_B
BankLocator:BANK2
Type:Unknown
TypeDetail:None
Speed:Unknown
Manufacturer:NotSpecified
SerialNumber:NotSpecified
AssetTag:NotSpecified
PartNumber:NotSpecified
Rank:Unknown
Handle0x0015,DMI type17,28bytes
MemoryDevice
ArrayHandle:0x0014
ErrorInformationHandle:0x0000
TotalWidth:64bits
DataWidth:64bits
Size:4096MB
FormFactor:SODIMM
Set:None
Locator:DIMM_A
BankLocator:BANK0
Type:DDR3
TypeDetail:Synchronous
Speed:1067MHz
Manufacturer:014F
SerialNumber:00092AF2
AssetTag:54114000
PartNumber:JM1066KSN-4G
Rank:Unknown
就像上边输出的一样,我在插槽1里边安装了一个内存条。内存大小为4G,类型为DDR3,速度为1067 MHz。
同样的,我们可以通过下边命令得到完整的内存信息。
sudo dmidecode-t memory
sudo dmidecode-t memory|less
sudo dmidecode-t memory|more
输出样本
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS2.6present.
Handle0x0014,DMI type16,15bytes
PhysicalMemoryArray
Location:SystemBoardOrMotherboard
Use:SystemMemory
ErrorCorrectionType:None
MaximumCapacity:16GB
ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided
NumberOfDevices:2
Handle0x0017,DMI type17,28bytes
MemoryDevice
ArrayHandle:0x0014
ErrorInformationHandle:0x0000
TotalWidth:Unknown
DataWidth:Unknown
Size:NoModuleInstalled
FormFactor:DIMM
Set:None
Locator:DIMM_B
BankLocator:BANK2
Type:Unknown
TypeDetail:None
Speed:Unknown
Manufacturer:NotSpecified
SerialNumber:NotSpecified
AssetTag:NotSpecified
PartNumber:NotSpecified
Rank:Unknown
Handle0x0015,DMI type17,28bytes
MemoryDevice
ArrayHandle:0x0014
ErrorInformationHandle:0x0000
TotalWidth:64bits
DataWidth:64bits
Size:4096MB
FormFactor:SODIMM
Set:None
Locator:DIMM_A
BankLocator:BANK0
Type:DDR3
TypeDetail:Synchronous
Speed:1067MHz
Manufacturer:014F
SerialNumber:00092AF2
AssetTag:54114000
PartNumber:JM1066KSN-4G
Rank:Unknown
如果你好奇想要知道整个系统的详细信息,例如主板、内存、BIOS等,那么可以输入以下命令来获取。
sudo dmidecode
输出样本
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS2.6present.
48structures occupying2173bytes.
Tableat0x000EB840.
Handle0xDA00,DMI type218,251bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DA FB00DA B2000D5F0F37407D00000000
007E0001000000DC0100800200DD0100
8003007501018001007601028001002D
01038001002E01038000008101078000
00820107800100830108800000840108
80010085010680000086010680010058
02058000005702058001009C00020001
009B00020000008A0103000100890103
0000007F010400000080010400010053
01050000005201050001007B01060000
007C0106000100940107000000930107
0001007D00080000002D00090001002E
00090000006E000A00000095000B0001
0096000B0000002F020C00010030020C
00000050020D00000051020D00010052
020D000200FF FF00000000
Handle0xDA01,DMI type218,59bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DA3B01DA B2000D5F0F374053020D0003
0054020D00040056020D0005004B010E
0001004A010E000000EA000F000100EB
000F000000FF FF00000000
Handle0x0004,DMI type4,42bytes
ProcessorInformation
SocketDesignation:CPU1
Type:CentralProcessor
Family:Corei3
Manufacturer:Intel
ID:A7060301FF FB AB BE
Signature:Type0,Family6,Model42,Stepping7
Flags:
FPU(Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME(Virtualmode extension)
DE(Debuggingextension)
PSE(Pagesize extension)
TSC(Timestamp counter)
MSR(Modelspecific registers)
PAE(Physicaladdress extension)
MCE(Machinecheck exception)
CX8(CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC(On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP(Fastsystem call)
MTRR(Memorytype range registers)
PGE(Pageglobalenable)
MCA(Machinecheck architecture)
CMOV(Conditionalmove instruction supported)
PAT(Pageattribute table)
PSE-36(36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH(CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS(Debugstore)
ACPI(ACPI supported)
MMX(MMX technology supported)
FXSR(FXSAVEandFXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE(StreamingSIMD extensions)
SSE2(StreamingSIMD extensions2)
SS(Self-snoop)
HTT(Multi-threading)
TM(Thermalmonitor supported)
PBE(Pendingbreakenabled)
Version:Intel(R)Core(TM)i3-2350MCPU@2.30GHz
Voltage:1.1V
ExternalClock:100MHz
MaxSpeed:2300MHz
CurrentSpeed:2300MHz
Status:Populated,Enabled
Upgrade:Other
L1CacheHandle:0x0005
L2CacheHandle:0x0006
L3CacheHandle:0x0007
SerialNumber:ToBeFilledByO.E.M.
AssetTag:ToBeFilledByO.E.M.
PartNumber:ToBeFilledByO.E.M.
CoreCount:2
CoreEnabled:1
ThreadCount:2
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Handle0x0005,DMI type7,19bytes
CacheInformation
SocketDesignation:L1-Cache
Configuration:Enabled,NotSocketed,Level1
OperationalMode:WriteBack
Location:Internal
InstalledSize:64kB
MaximumSize:64kB
SupportedSRAMTypes:
Other
InstalledSRAMType:Other
Speed:Unknown
ErrorCorrectionType:None
SystemType:Unified
Associativity:8-waySet-associative
Handle0x0006,DMI type7,19bytes
CacheInformation
SocketDesignation:L2-Cache
Configuration:Enabled,NotSocketed,Level2
OperationalMode:VariesWithMemoryAddress
Location:Internal
InstalledSize:512kB
MaximumSize:512kB
SupportedSRAMTypes:
Other
InstalledSRAMType:Other
Speed:Unknown
ErrorCorrectionType:None
SystemType:Unified
Associativity:8-waySet-associative
Handle0x0007,DMI type7,19bytes
CacheInformation
SocketDesignation:L3-Cache
Configuration:Enabled,NotSocketed,Level3
OperationalMode:VariesWithMemoryAddress
Location:Internal
InstalledSize:3072kB
MaximumSize:3072kB
SupportedSRAMTypes:
Other
InstalledSRAMType:Other
Speed:Unknown
ErrorCorrectionType:None
SystemType:Unified
Associativity:Other
Handle0x0008,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J1A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:PS2Mouse
ExternalConnectorType:PS/2
PortType:MousePort
Handle0x0009,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J1A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:Keyboard
ExternalConnectorType:PS/2
PortType:KeyboardPort
Handle0x000A,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J2A2B
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:Video
ExternalConnectorType:DB-15female
PortType:VideoPort
Handle0x000B,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J3A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:USB1
ExternalConnectorType:AccessBus(USB)
PortType:USB
Handle0x000C,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J3A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:USB2
ExternalConnectorType:AccessBus(USB)
PortType:USB
Handle0x000D,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J3A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:USB3
ExternalConnectorType:AccessBus(USB)
PortType:USB
Handle0x000E,DMI type8,9bytes
PortConnectorInformation
InternalReferenceDesignator:J5A1
InternalConnectorType:None
ExternalReferenceDesignator:LAN
ExternalConnectorType:RJ-45
PortType:NetworkPort
Handle0x000F,DMI type9,17bytes
SystemSlotInformation
Designation:J6B2
Type:x16 PCIExpress
CurrentUsage:InUse
Length:Long
ID:0
Characteristics:
3.3Visprovided
Openingisshared
PME signalissupported
BusAddress:0000:00:01.0
Handle0x0010,DMI type9,17bytes
SystemSlotInformation
Designation:J6B1
Type:x1 PCIExpress
CurrentUsage:InUse
Length:Short
ID:1
Characteristics:
3.3Visprovided
Openingisshared
PME signalissupported
BusAddress:0000:00:1c.3
Handle0x0012,DMI type11,5bytes
OEMStrings
String1:DellSystem
String2:5[0003]
String3:13[P18F]
Handle0x0013,DMI type12,5bytes
SystemConfigurationOptions
Option1:ToBeFilledByO.E.M.
Handle0x001C,DMI type21,7bytes
Built-inPointingDevice
Type:TouchPad
Interface:BusMouse
Buttons:2
Handle0x001D,DMI type22,26bytes
PortableBattery
Location:Sys.BatteryBay
Manufacturer:Sanyo
SerialNumber:5390
Name:DELL4YRJH22
Chemistry:LithiumIon
DesignCapacity:45000mWh
DesignVoltage:10800mV
SBDSVersion:1.0
MaximumError:2%
SBDSManufactureDate:2012-02-28
OEM-specificInformation:0x00000001
Handle0x001E,DMI type32,20bytes
SystemBootInformation
Status:Noerrors detected
Handle0x0020,DMI type27,12bytes
CoolingDevice
Type:Fan
Status:OK
OEM-specificInformation:0x00000000
Handle0x0021,DMI type28,20bytes
TemperatureProbe
Description:CPUInternalTemperature
Location:Processor
Status:OK
MaximumValue:127.0deg C
MinimumValue:0.0deg C
Resolution:1.000deg C
Tolerance:0.5deg C
Accuracy:Unknown
OEM-specificInformation:0x00000000
Handle0xB000,DMI type176,5bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
B00500B000
Handle0xB100,DMI type177,12bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
B10C00B11A0E000000000000
Handle0x0025,DMI type209,12bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D10C25000000000305010003
Handle0x0026,DMI type210,12bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D20C26000000000305200103
Handle0x0027,DMI type211,13bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D30D2700010000000002030404
Strings:
Front
Handle0x0028,DMI type212,57bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D439280070007100014950489C0049FC
019B0049FC007F014AFB0480014AFB00
53014AF70852014AF7087B014AEF107C
014AEF10FF FF000000
Handle0x002A,DMI type217,8bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D9082A0001020000
Strings:
Handle0x002B,DMI type219,11bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DB0B2B0000010203000405
Strings:
Handle0x002C,DMI type220,22bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DC162C0001F0000002F00000000003F0
04F000000000
Handle0x002D,DMI type221,19bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DD132D00000000000003000000000000
000000
Handle0x002E,DMI type222,16bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
DE102E000108FF FF0000000000000000
Handle0x0014,DMI type16,15bytes
PhysicalMemoryArray
Location:SystemBoardOrMotherboard
Use:SystemMemory
ErrorCorrectionType:None
MaximumCapacity:16GB
ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided
NumberOfDevices:2
Handle0x0016,DMI type20,19bytes
MemoryDeviceMappedAddress
StartingAddress:0x00000000000
EndingAddress:0x000FFFFFFFF
RangeSize:4GB
PhysicalDeviceHandle:0x0015
MemoryArrayMappedAddressHandle:0x0018
PartitionRowPosition:1
InterleavePosition:1
InterleavedDataDepth:1
Handle0x0017,DMI type17,28bytes
MemoryDevice
ArrayHandle:0x0014
ErrorInformationHandle:0x0000
TotalWidth:Unknown
DataWidth:Unknown
Size:NoModuleInstalled
FormFactor:DIMM
Set:None
Locator:DIMM_B
BankLocator:BANK2
Type:Unknown
TypeDetail:None
Speed:Unknown
Manufacturer:NotSpecified
SerialNumber:NotSpecified
AssetTag:NotSpecified
PartNumber:NotSpecified
Rank:Unknown
Handle0x0018,DMI type19,15bytes
MemoryArrayMappedAddress
StartingAddress:0x00000000000
EndingAddress:0x000FFFFFFFF
RangeSize:4GB
PhysicalArrayHandle:0x0014
PartitionWidth:2
Handle0x002F,DMI type13,22bytes
BIOSLanguageInformation
LanguageDescriptionFormat:Abbreviated
InstallableLanguages:1
eng
CurrentlyInstalledLanguage:eng
Handle0x0030,DMI type131,64bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
83403000310000000000000000000000
F8004B1CFF FF FF FF0100000000000700
AD04040000000000C800FF FF00000000
00000000320000007650726F00000000
Handle0x0029,DMI type216,9bytes
OEM-specificType
HeaderandData:
D80929000102010000
Strings:
INTEL
0000
Handle0x0000,DMI type0,24bytes
BIOSInformation
Vendor:DellInc.
Version:A05
ReleaseDate:08/03/2012
Address:0xF0000
RuntimeSize:64kB
ROMSize:2048kB
Characteristics:
MCAissupported
PCIissupported
BIOSisupgradeable
BIOS shadowingisallowed
ESCD supportisavailable
BootfromCDissupported
Selectablebootissupported
BIOS ROMissocketed
EDDissupported
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720kB floppy services are supported(int13h)
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 0.5
Firmware Revision: 0.5
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: 01HXXJ
Version: A05
Serial Number: .JSQ7PA1.CN7117623M00J2.
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Features:
Board is a hosting board
Board is replaceable
Location In Chassis: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Chassis Handle: 0x0003
Type: Motherboard
Contained Object Handles: 0
Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 21 bytes
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Type: Portable
Lock: Not Present
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: JSR1
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: None
OEM Information: 0x00000000
Height: Unspecified
Number Of Power Cords: 1
Contained Elements: 0
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: Inspiron N5050
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: JSR1
UUID: 4C4C4544-0053-5110-8029-CAC05241
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M.
Family:
Handle 0x0024, DMI type 208, 12 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D0 0C 24 00 02 05 FE 00 04 05 01 02
Strings:
20120323
20120323
Handle 0x0011, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: Mobile Intel SandyBridge HD Graphics
Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0014
Error Information Handle: 0x0000
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A
Bank Locator: BANK 0
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 1067 MHz
Manufacturer: 014F
Serial Number: 0009F2
Asset Tag: 54114000
Part Number: JM1066-4G
Rank: Unknown
Handle 0x0031, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
End Of Table
好了,就是这样。