arm-linux-androideabi-gcc cdefs.h,基于Android的ARM汇编语言系列之二：C/C++程序生成ARM汇编程序...

于 2021-05-13 10:28:57 发布
阅读量327 收藏
点赞数
文章标签： arm-linux-androideabi-gcc cdefs.h

章节列表

之一：ARM汇编语言开篇

之二：C/C++程序生成ARM汇编程序的过程分析

之三：ARM汇编语言程序结构

之四：ARM处理器的寻址方式

之五：ARM指令集与Thumb指令集

之六：NEON指令集与VFP指令集

所谓的原生程序指的是用C/C++编写的程序，下面来详细演示一下原生程序是怎么一步步生成汇编代码的。

这里编译的是一个简单的hello.c程序，如下所示：

#include int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

printf("Hello ARM!\n");

return 0;

}

一 预处理

预处理阶段会处理代码中的预处理指令,如下所示：

#include

#define

#if

执行以下命令进行预处理，-E可以用来查看详细输出。

gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i

成成的hello.i如下所示：

# 1 "hello.c"

# 1 ""

# 1 ""

# 1 "hello.c"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 1

# 41 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1

# 59 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/cdefs_elf.h" 1

# 60 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2

# 42 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 1

# 40 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/_types.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/machine/_types.h" 1

# 52 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/machine/_types.h"

typedef signed char __int8_t;

typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;

typedef short __int16_t;

typedef unsigned short __uint16_t;

typedef int __int32_t;

typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;

typedef long long __int64_t;

typedef unsigned long long __uint64_t;

typedef __int8_t __int_least8_t;

typedef __uint8_t __uint_least8_t;

typedef __int16_t __int_least16_t;

typedef __uint16_t __uint_least16_t;

typedef __int32_t __int_least32_t;

typedef __uint32_t __uint_least32_t;

typedef __int64_t __int_least64_t;

typedef __uint64_t __uint_least64_t;

typedef __int32_t __int_fast8_t;

typedef __uint32_t __uint_fast8_t;

typedef __int32_t __int_fast16_t;

typedef __uint32_t __uint_fast16_t;

typedef __int32_t __int_fast32_t;

typedef __uint32_t __uint_fast32_t;

typedef __int64_t __int_fast64_t;

typedef __uint64_t __uint_fast64_t;

typedef int __intptr_t;

typedef unsigned int __uintptr_t;

typedef __int64_t __intmax_t;

typedef __uint64_t __uintmax_t;

typedef __int32_t __register_t;

typedef unsigned long __vaddr_t;

typedef unsigned long __paddr_t;

typedef unsigned long __vsize_t;

typedef unsigned long __psize_t;

typedef int __clock_t;

typedef int __clockid_t;

typedef long __ptrdiff_t;

typedef int __time_t;

typedef int __timer_t;

typedef __builtin_va_list __va_list;

typedef int __wchar_t;

typedef int __wint_t;

typedef int __rune_t;

typedef void * __wctrans_t;

typedef void * __wctype_t;

# 41 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 2

typedef unsigned long __cpuid_t;

typedef __int32_t __dev_t;

typedef __uint32_t __fixpt_t;

typedef __uint32_t __gid_t;

typedef __uint32_t __id_t;

typedef __uint32_t __in_addr_t;

typedef __uint16_t __in_port_t;

typedef __uint32_t __ino_t;

typedef long __key_t;

typedef __uint32_t __mode_t;

typedef __uint32_t __nlink_t;

typedef __int32_t __pid_t;

typedef __uint64_t __rlim_t;

typedef __uint16_t __sa_family_t;

typedef __int32_t __segsz_t;

typedef __uint32_t __socklen_t;

typedef __int32_t __swblk_t;

typedef __uint32_t __uid_t;

typedef __uint32_t __useconds_t;

typedef __int32_t __suseconds_t;

typedef union {

char __mbstate8[128];

__int64_t __mbstateL;

} __mbstate_t;

# 43 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4

# 40 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stdarg.h" 3 4

typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;

# 47 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4

# 211 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 3 4

typedef unsigned int size_t;

# 51 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4

# 149 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 3 4

typedef int ptrdiff_t;

# 323 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 3 4

typedef unsigned int wchar_t;

# 53 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 1

# 33 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4

# 34 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h" 1

# 31 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4

# 32 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h" 2

# 48 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef __int8_t int8_t;

typedef __uint8_t uint8_t;

typedef __int16_t int16_t;

typedef __uint16_t uint16_t;

typedef __int32_t int32_t;

typedef __uint32_t uint32_t;

typedef __int64_t int64_t;

typedef __uint64_t uint64_t;

typedef int8_t int_least8_t;

typedef int8_t int_fast8_t;

typedef uint8_t uint_least8_t;

typedef uint8_t uint_fast8_t;

# 97 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef int16_t int_least16_t;

typedef int32_t int_fast16_t;

typedef uint16_t uint_least16_t;

typedef uint32_t uint_fast16_t;

# 130 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef int32_t int_least32_t;

typedef int32_t int_fast32_t;

typedef uint32_t uint_least32_t;

typedef uint32_t uint_fast32_t;

# 163 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef int64_t int_least64_t;

typedef int64_t int_fast64_t;

typedef uint64_t uint_least64_t;

typedef uint64_t uint_fast64_t;

# 207 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef int intptr_t;

typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;

# 232 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef uint64_t uintmax_t;

typedef int64_t intmax_t;

# 268 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdint.h"

typedef long int ssize_t;

# 35 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/posix_types.h" 1

# 15 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/posix_types.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/stddef.h" 1

# 15 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/stddef.h"

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/compiler.h" 1

# 16 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/stddef.h" 2

# 16 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/posix_types.h" 2

# 32 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/posix_types.h"

typedef struct {

unsigned long fds_bits [(1024/(8 * sizeof(unsigned long)))];

} __kernel_fd_set;

typedef void (*__kernel_sighandler_t)(int);

typedef int __kernel_key_t;

typedef int __kernel_mqd_t;

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/asm/posix_types.h" 1

# 15 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/asm/posix_types.h"

typedef unsigned long __kernel_ino_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_mode_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_nlink_t;

typedef long __kernel_off_t;

typedef int __kernel_pid_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_ipc_pid_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_uid_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_gid_t;

typedef unsigned int __kernel_size_t;

typedef int __kernel_ssize_t;

typedef int __kernel_ptrdiff_t;

typedef long __kernel_time_t;

typedef long __kernel_suseconds_t;

typedef long __kernel_clock_t;

typedef int __kernel_timer_t;

typedef int __kernel_clockid_t;

typedef int __kernel_daddr_t;

typedef char * __kernel_caddr_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_uid16_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_gid16_t;

typedef unsigned int __kernel_uid32_t;

typedef unsigned int __kernel_gid32_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_old_uid_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_old_gid_t;

typedef unsigned short __kernel_old_dev_t;

typedef long long __kernel_loff_t;

typedef struct {

int __val[2];

} __kernel_fsid_t;

# 42 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/posix_types.h" 2

# 38 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/asm/types.h" 1

# 17 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/asm/types.h"

typedef unsigned short umode_t;

typedef __signed__ char __s8;

typedef unsigned char __u8;

typedef __signed__ short __s16;

typedef unsigned short __u16;

typedef __signed__ int __s32;

typedef unsigned int __u32;

typedef __signed__ long long __s64;

typedef unsigned long long __u64;

# 39 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/types.h" 1

# 21 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/linux/types.h"

typedef __u16 __le16;

typedef __u16 __be16;

typedef __u32 __le32;

typedef __u32 __be32;

typedef __u64 __le64;

typedef __u64 __be64;

struct ustat {

__kernel_daddr_t f_tfree;

__kernel_ino_t f_tinode;

char f_fname[6];

char f_fpack[6];

};

# 40 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/machine/kernel.h" 1

# 34 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/machine/kernel.h"

typedef unsigned long __kernel_blkcnt_t;

typedef unsigned long __kernel_blksize_t;

typedef unsigned long __kernel_fsblkcnt_t;

typedef unsigned long __kernel_fsfilcnt_t;

typedef unsigned int __kernel_id_t;

# 41 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

typedef __u32 __kernel_dev_t;

# 52 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h"

typedef __kernel_blkcnt_t blkcnt_t;

typedef __kernel_blksize_t blksize_t;

typedef __kernel_clock_t clock_t;

typedef __kernel_clockid_t clockid_t;

typedef __kernel_dev_t dev_t;

typedef __kernel_fsblkcnt_t fsblkcnt_t;

typedef __kernel_fsfilcnt_t fsfilcnt_t;

typedef __kernel_gid32_t gid_t;

typedef __kernel_id_t id_t;

typedef __kernel_ino_t ino_t;

typedef __kernel_key_t key_t;

typedef __kernel_mode_t mode_t;

typedef __kernel_nlink_t nlink_t;

typedef __kernel_off_t off_t;

typedef __kernel_loff_t loff_t;

typedef loff_t off64_t;

typedef __kernel_pid_t pid_t;

# 99 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h"

typedef __kernel_suseconds_t suseconds_t;

typedef __kernel_time_t time_t;

typedef __kernel_uid32_t uid_t;

typedef signed long useconds_t;

typedef __kernel_daddr_t daddr_t;

typedef __kernel_timer_t timer_t;

typedef __kernel_mqd_t mqd_t;

typedef __kernel_caddr_t caddr_t;

typedef unsigned int uint_t;

typedef unsigned int uint;

# 1 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h" 1

# 36 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h"

static __inline__ int major(dev_t _dev)

{

return (_dev >> 8) & 0xfff;

}

static __inline__ int minor(dev_t _dev)

{

return (_dev & 0xff) | ((_dev >> 12) & 0xfff00);

}

static __inline__ dev_t makedev(int __ma, int __mi)

{

return ((__ma & 0xfff) << 8) | (__mi & 0xff) | ((__mi & 0xfff00) << 12);

}

# 114 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h" 2

typedef unsigned char u_char;

typedef unsigned short u_short;

typedef unsigned int u_int;

typedef unsigned long u_long;

typedef uint32_t u_int32_t;

typedef uint16_t u_int16_t;

typedef uint8_t u_int8_t;

typedef uint64_t u_int64_t;

# 56 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h" 2

# 78 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

typedef off_t fpos_t;

# 87 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

struct __sbuf {

unsigned char *_base;

int _size;

};

# 119 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

typedef struct __sFILE {

unsigned char *_p;

int _r;

int _w;

short _flags;

short _file;

struct __sbuf _bf;

int _lbfsize;

void *_cookie;

int (*_close)(void *);

int (*_read)(void *, char *, int);

fpos_t (*_seek)(void *, fpos_t, int);

int (*_write)(void *, const char *, int);

struct __sbuf _ext;

unsigned char *_up;

int _ur;

unsigned char _ubuf[3];

unsigned char _nbuf[1];

struct __sbuf _lb;

int _blksize;

fpos_t _offset;

} FILE;

extern FILE __sF[];

# 223 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

void clearerr(FILE *);

int fclose(FILE *);

int feof(FILE *);

int ferror(FILE *);

int fflush(FILE *);

int fgetc(FILE *);

int fgetpos(FILE *, fpos_t *);

char *fgets(char *, int, FILE *);

FILE *fopen(const char *, const char *);

int fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);

int fputc(int, FILE *);

int fputs(const char *, FILE *);

size_t fread(void *, size_t, size_t, FILE *);

FILE *freopen(const char *, const char *, FILE *);

int fscanf(FILE *, const char *, ...);

int fseek(FILE *, long, int);

int fseeko(FILE *, off_t, int);

int fsetpos(FILE *, const fpos_t *);

long ftell(FILE *);

off_t ftello(FILE *);

size_t fwrite(const void *, size_t, size_t, FILE *);

int getc(FILE *);

int getchar(void);

char *gets(char *);

extern int sys_nerr;

extern char *sys_errlist[];

void perror(const char *);

int printf(const char *, ...);

int putc(int, FILE *);

int putchar(int);

int puts(const char *);

int remove(const char *);

int rename(const char *, const char *);

void rewind(FILE *);

int scanf(const char *, ...);

void setbuf(FILE *, char *);

int setvbuf(FILE *, char *, int, size_t);

int sprintf(char *, const char *, ...);

int sscanf(const char *, const char *, ...);

FILE *tmpfile(void);

char *tmpnam(char *);

int ungetc(int, FILE *);

int vfprintf(FILE *, const char *, __va_list);

int vprintf(const char *, __va_list);

int vsprintf(char *, const char *, __va_list);

int snprintf(char *, size_t, const char *, ...)

__attribute__((__format__ (printf, 3, 4)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (3)));

int vfscanf(FILE *, const char *, __va_list)

__attribute__((__format__ (scanf, 2, 0)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));

int vscanf(const char *, __va_list)

__attribute__((__format__ (scanf, 1, 0)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (1)));

int vsnprintf(char *, size_t, const char *, __va_list)

__attribute__((__format__ (printf, 3, 0)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (3)));

int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, __va_list)

__attribute__((__format__ (scanf, 2, 0)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));

# 302 "c:/android-ndk-r8/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h"

FILE *fdopen(int, const char *);

int fileno(FILE *);

int pclose(FILE *);

FILE *popen(const char *, const char *);

void flockfile(FILE *);

int ftrylockfile(FILE *);

void funlockfile(FILE *);

int getc_unlocked(FILE *);

int getchar_unlocked(void);

int putc_unlocked(int, FILE *);

int putchar_unlocked(int);

char *tempnam(const char *, const char *);

int asprintf(char , const char *, ...)

__attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 3)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));

char *fgetln(FILE *, size_t *);

int fpurge(FILE *);

int getw(FILE *);

int putw(int, FILE *);

void setbuffer(FILE *, char *, int);

int setlinebuf(FILE *);

int vasprintf(char , const char *, __va_list)

__attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 0)))

__attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));

FILE *funopen(const void *,

int (*)(void *, char *, int),

int (*)(void *, const char *, int),

fpos_t (*)(void *, fpos_t, int),

int (*)(void *));

int __srget(FILE *);

int __swbuf(int, FILE *);

static __inline int __sputc(int _c, FILE *_p) {

if (--_p->_w >= 0 || (_p->_w >= _p->_lbfsize && (char)_c != '\n'))

return (*_p->_p++ = _c);

else

return (__swbuf(_c, _p));

}

# 2 "hello.c" 2

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

printf("Hello ARM!\n");

return 0;

}

二 编译

编译阶段编译器会检查代码规范性，以及是否有语法错误等。

执行以下命令进行编译，-S可以用来查看编译器输出。

gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s

生成的hello.s文件如下所示：

.arch armv5te

.fpu softvfp

.eabi_attribute 20, 1

.eabi_attribute 21, 1

.eabi_attribute 23, 3

.eabi_attribute 24, 1

.eabi_attribute 25, 1

.eabi_attribute 26, 2

.eabi_attribute 30, 6

.eabi_attribute 18, 4

.file "hello.c"

.section .rodata

.align 2

.LC0:

.ascii "Hello ARM!\000"

.text

.align 2

.global main

.type main, %function

main:

@ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 8

@ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0

stmfd sp!, {fp, lr}

add fp, sp, #4

sub sp, sp, #8

str r0, [fp, #-8]

str r1, [fp, #-12]

ldr r3, .L3

.LPIC0:

add r3, pc, r3

mov r0, r3

bl puts(PLT)

mov r3, #0

mov r0, r3

sub sp, fp, #4

ldmfd sp!, {fp, pc}

.L4:

.align 2

.L3:

.word .LC0-(.LPIC0+8)

.size main, .-main

.ident "GCC: (GNU) 4.4.3"

.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits

这里便是ARM汇编代码了，后续的文章会详细介绍这些代码的具体含义。

三 汇编

汇编阶段汇编器会将汇编代码汇编成二进制目标文件。

执行以下命令进行汇编：

gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o

生成的hello.o文件，用IDAPro反汇编以后如下所示：

;

; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

; | This file has been generated by The Interactive Disassembler (IDA) |

; | Copyright (c) 2011 Hex-Rays, |

; | License info: 48-327F-7274-B7 |

; | ESET spol. s r.o. |

; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

;

; Input MD5 : B0821B68099D81DC63D478051984E2D8

; Input CRC32 : 68360FC1

; File Name : C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\\相关资料\Android软件安全与逆向分析\Android软件安全与逆向分析随书光盘\chapter6\6.2\6.2.2\hello\hello.o

; Format : ELF for ARM (Relocatable)

;

; EABI version: 5

;

; Source File : 'hello.c'

; Processor : ARM

; Target assembler: Generic assembler for ARM

; Byte sex : Little endian

; Segment type: Pure code

AREA .text, CODE

CODE32

; Attributes: bp-based frame

EXPORT main

main

var_C= -0xC

var_8= -8

STMFD SP!, {R11,LR}

ADD R11, SP, #4

SUB SP, SP, #8

STR R0, [R11,#var_8]

STR R1, [R11,#var_C]

LDR R3, =(aHelloArm-0x20) ; "Hello ARM!"

ADD R3, PC, R3 ; "Hello ARM!"

MOV R0, R3 ; s

BL puts ; PIC mode

MOV R3, #0

MOV R0, R3

SUB SP, R11, #4

LDMFD SP!, {R11,PC}

; End of function main

四 链接

链接阶段会调用链接器将二进制的目标文件链接成Android平台可执行的ARM原生程序。

执行以下命令进行链接：

gcc hello.o -o hello

这个过程还需要链接其他目标文件，参数配置见以下Makefile脚本：

NDK_ROOT=c:/android-ndk-r8

TOOLCHAINS_ROOT=$(NDK_ROOT)/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/windows

TOOLCHAINS_PREFIX=$(TOOLCHAINS_ROOT)/bin/arm-linux-androideabi

TOOLCHAINS_INCLUDE=$(TOOLCHAINS_ROOT)/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include-fixed

PLATFORM_ROOT=$(NDK_ROOT)/platforms/android-14/arch-arm

PLATFORM_INCLUDE=$(PLATFORM_ROOT)/usr/include

PLATFORM_LIB=$(PLATFORM_ROOT)/usr/lib

SYSROOT=$(PLATFORM_ROOT)

MODULE_NAME=hello

RM=del

FLAGS=-I$(TOOLCHAINS_INCLUDE) \

-I$(PLATFORM_INCLUDE) \

-L$(PLATFORM_LIB) \

OBJS=$(MODULE_NAME).o \

$(PLATFORM_LIB)/crtbegin_dynamic.o \

$(PLATFORM_LIB)/crtend_android.o

all:

$(TOOLCHAINS_PREFIX)-gcc $(FLAGS) -E $(MODULE_NAME).c -o $(MODULE_NAME).i

$(TOOLCHAINS_PREFIX)-gcc $(FLAGS) -S $(MODULE_NAME).i -o $(MODULE_NAME).s

$(TOOLCHAINS_PREFIX)-gcc $(FLAGS) -c $(MODULE_NAME).s -o $(MODULE_NAME).o

$(TOOLCHAINS_PREFIX)-gcc $(FLAGS) -nostdlib -lgcc -Bdynamic -lc $(OBJS) -o $(MODULE_NAME)

clean:

$(RM) *.o

install:

adb push $(MODULE_NAME) /data/local/

adb shell chmod 755 /data/local/$(MODULE_NAME)

生成的可执行文件hello用IDAPro反汇编如下所示：

; Segment type: Pure code

AREA .text, CODE, ALIGN=4

; ORG 0x82E0

CODE32

; Attributes: bp-based frame

EXPORT main

main

var_C= -0xC

var_8= -8

STMFD SP!, {R11,LR}

ADD R11, SP, #4

SUB SP, SP, #8

STR R0, [R11,#var_8]

STR R1, [R11,#var_C]

LDR R3, =(aHelloArm - 0x8300)

ADD R3, PC, R3 ; "Hello ARM!"

MOV R0, R3 ; s

BL puts

MOV R3, #0

MOV R0, R3

SUB SP, R11, #4

LDMFD SP!, {R11,PC}

; End of function main

从以上过程可以看出，经过编译后C代码就转换成了汇编代码，因此可以直接编写汇编代码来开发ARM程序。Android NDK支持直接使用ARM汇编语言编写以.s结尾的文件作为程序的源文件，同时还允许使用C代码与ARM汇编代码进行混合编程。

算法艺术家
关注
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值