计算机组成与结构第六章,计算机组成与体系结构(Linda Null Julia Lobur)第六章答案...

答案,第六章,计算机组成与体系结构(Linda Null Julia Lobur)

Chapter 6Instructor's Manual

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Chapter Objectives

Chapter 6, Memory, covers basic memory concepts, such as RAM and the various memorydevices, and also addresses the more advanced concepts of the memory hierarchy, includingcache memory and virtual memory. This chapter gives a thorough presentation of directmapping, associative mapping, and set-associative mapping techniques for cache. It alsoprovides a detailed look at overlays, paging and segmentation, TLBs, and the various

algorithms and devices associated with each. A tutorial and simulator for this chapter isavailable.

Lectures should focus on the following points:

Types of memory. There are many types of memory, but the two basic categories are RAM

and ROM.

The memory hierarchy. One of the most important considerations in understanding the

performance capabilities of a modern computer is the memory hierarchy. The goal of thissection is understanding how system memory (registers, cache, and main memory), onlinememory (hard disk), near line memory (optical disk), and offline memory (tapes and floppydisks) work together to provide acceptable performance at a minimal cost. Locality ofreference (or the clustering of memory references) is integral in understanding how amemory hierarchy works.

Cache memory. The purpose of cache is to speed up memory accesses by storing recently

used data closer to the CPU (in a memory that requires less access time). It is important todiscuss where this data is stored in cache, so direct mapping, fully associative cache, andset associative cache are covered. The effective access time is a good way to measure theperformance of cache.

Virtual memory. Virtual memory is a method used to increase the available address space

for a process by using the hard disk as an extension of RAM. Both paging and

segmentation (including advantages and disadvantages) are covered. In addition TLBs areintroduced as a method for improving performance of paging systems.

Real-world examples of memory management. The chapter concepts are studied in the

context of the Pentium memory hierarchy.