计算机英语课件Unit新 9 The Internet
Unit 9 The Internet; The most notable example of an internet is the Internet (note the uppercase Ⅰ), which originated from research projects going back to the early 1960s. The goal was to develop the ability to link a variety of computer networks so that they could function as a connected system that would not be disrupted by local disasters. ; Most of this original work was sponsored by the U.S. government through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA- pronounced DAR-pa). Over the years, the development of the Internet shifted from a defense project to an academic research project, and today it is largely a commercial undertaking that links a worldwide combination of WANs, MANs, and LANs involving millions of computers.;Ⅰ. Internet architecture; The establishment of domains is overseen by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which is a nonprofit corporation established to coordinate the naming of domains and the assignment of Internet addresses. To establish a domain on the Internet, the domain must first be registered via one of the companies, called registrars, that have been delegated for this purpose by ICANN.; Once a domain has been registered, it can be attached to the existing Internet by means of a router that connects one of the networks in the domain to a network already in the Internet. This particular router is often referred to as the domain’s gateway, in that it represents the domain’s gate to the rest of the Internet. ; From the point of view of a single domain, the portion of the Internet lying outside of its gateway is sometimes called the cloud, in reference to the fact that the structure of the Internet outside the domain’s gateway is out of the domain’s control and is of minimal concern to the operation of the domain itself. Any message being transmitted to a destination within the domain is handled within the domain; any message being transmitted to an destination outs
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