*FO1?q8mutDA0我只想要进程的某个线程休眠一段时间的,可是用sleep()是将整个进程都休眠的,这个可能就达不到,我们想要的效果了。目前我知道有三种方式:7zK8]$iK*H?2P1]w0
hGl&AL"yN01、usleep51Testing软件测试网%RN3p"T&pOI
5nCSw
{0这个是轻量级的,听说能可一实现线程休眠,我个人并不喜欢这种方式,所以我没有验证它的可行信(个人不推荐)。51Testing软件测试网!]"F
v a'Dh@51Testing软件测试网r2Y{w B;\
2、select51Testing软件测试网&r s6U-Q!}Xu0_51Testing软件测试网L/pckey:k"l b
这个可以,我也用过这种方式,它是在轮询。51Testing软件测试网cF;[)j m
:l.@7}wIQF8p?03、pthread_cond_timedwait51Testing软件测试网f*ox[jr51Testing软件测试网M6m`{yX)q"RN
采用pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex,
const struct timespec
*abstime)可以优雅的解决该问题,设置等待条件变量cond,如果超时,则返回;如果等待到条件变量cond,也返回。本文暂不将内部机理,仅演
示一个demo。Qq#e'o2{m"E/y,p+}051Testing软件测试网g5N'x-V'B~|
首先,看这段代码,thr_fn为一个线程函数:51Testing软件测试网*]T"Ox]%_\6da#il`\9B;BQ0#include
1^$e3p$S} R4x;i0#include F$?$K9D/Fx051Testing软件测试网s5aH$H"D x;Xrr9f
int flag = 1;
0a+N;^XE[+K0void * thr_fn(void * arg) {51Testing软件测试网X5Ja u)g9u\4h9E
while (flag){
-A*W4{+z6f+X2m3IC#EX0 printf("******\n");
;fl^ L7m9BIHR0 sleep(10);51Testing软件测试网Bre+py:~
}51Testing软件测试网9UYc]eI
printf("sleepthread exit\n");51Testing软件测试网D-Fzc8t-QB)uHP+_
}51Testing软件测试网UYKjw7GW
4k$TSZe0int main() {51Testing软件测试网_L.Ig'd|*L
pthread_t thread;
2sP*JT`@DA0 if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {51Testing软件测试网uMU!A3fK
`7C
printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);
W:|^!n!m{+s7fq'rhb&D M0 return 1;
;SM3ik6B&\0 }
QR7T1PQ.i0
Lo(|1Z/E0 char c ;
bx+bR*~uO0 while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');
a3c/Sn*wW1Iv0 51Testing软件测试网 JDi&HP#G8c4wA
printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");
%A,g-hN?"vBx0 flag = 0;51Testing软件测试网D5b
E8x(WV
printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");
,d"a)ZS U!^$Bk(K(r0 pthread_join(thread, NULL);
%q R2hF2d0D9t4s#[0 printf("Bye\n");51Testing软件测试网o:A1|@L
return 0;
t4|%J/X-m^0}51Testing软件测试网5ze%E(A,qK!@s51Testing软件测试网v(}X(htE~\z/P9W
输入q后,需要等线程从sleep中醒来(由挂起状态变为运行状态),即最坏情况要等10s,线程才会被join。采用sleep的缺点:不能及时唤醒线程。']#o1t6Qs6d(yT1T0
9D%Mj6o%v Kg0采用pthread_cond_timedwait函数实现的如下:o1k)C ^Z+icT8Rc0
"A:H;epF1bu[06jd5a.HbK!_S0!C(]R!U-f0#include 51Testing软件测试网}2JS&[0{*x*[#S-m
#include 51Testing软件测试网;X#I'zun$Hn\/Z
#include 51Testing软件测试网%VM0l*Q$LTu5E
#include
.}b `;\Ni"D UH+]
x0#include 51Testing软件测试网o+{&hlmJz[
51Testing软件测试网1fFHD0V;_!cP"V u
static pthread_t thread;51Testing软件测试网#iIW-^!W([
static pthread_cond_t cond;51Testing软件测试网2vXhEZT/N?)|
static pthread_mutex_t mutex;51Testing软件测试网Vy;o,KA2D^9R%N
static int flag = 1;
:x.d6uy
z$i'xS0 51Testing软件测试网;D,G |3N
]/v.G
void * thr_fn(void * arg)51Testing软件测试网o Hw4NY
r{
{
!R:H)`tc{~U0 struct timeval now;
W/|
U2G+@E4x0 struct timespec outtime;
}^0z [4vM0`0 pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
I-L7@ePhS0 while (flag) {
vl!`fRl6UZY,B0 printf("*****\n");
4[EW:a_$r*C0 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);51Testing软件测试网3@D|m6WRf
outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 5;51Testing软件测试网*T4~M*iBJ
outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;
U}VrE"eSE&hl7p&T0 pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);51Testing软件测试网D#n}&W$e`Q(W-J,u
}
v-BH3ee0 pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);51Testing软件测试网P)Y{N~\r\;o+wv,M
printf("cond thread exit\n");51Testing软件测试网c*c8bb"D8Dl3X(v:E
}
$px#K N
J0
W7N8W4|)U@1kJ0int main(void)51Testing软件测试网 IV)S_pu w?6{
{
5T5V"DCE!b(Z0 pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);51Testing软件测试网wwP b)cd/OC`E
pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL);
w.OJh.z.t$HU0 if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {51Testing软件测试网J5|~J:S-Kc&H3F
printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);51Testing软件测试网!Yo+Z!m*N
j&r.t
return 1;51Testing软件测试网0\7L!E,s-R!\%N
}51Testing软件测试网,TY'Q-^gB'Ot]
char c ;
XUU9S}+w0 while ((c = getchar()) != 'q');
u8]N/xt0d/]0 printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");@+L/ILN lHRb0
,q1]%R2yA?3N#b+n0pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
-wh0|gP;l0 flag = 0;51Testing软件测试网:g5b7Qw/q1J
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);51Testing软件测试网+U n9k7OR"B
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);51Testing软件测试网Fdo[.@^v
printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");51Testing软件测试网T"Fsk#m&j*W9A
pthread_join(thread, NULL);51Testing软件测试网Q+GfP
W1@}'M
printf("Bye\n");51Testing软件测试网3~_a_nh
return 0;
Pi[5F,N#_ F-C T0}(m$@2L4a#vI
t,@0
m9yM6D)~0pthread_cond_timedwait()函数阻塞住调用该函数的线程,等待由cond指定的条件被触发(pthread_cond_broadcast() or pthread_cond_signal())。51Testing软件测试网'Bfw~&dc:J
_\Z;F_Jj7ty0当pthread_cond_timedwait()被调用时,调用线程必须已经锁住了mutex。函数
pthread_cond_timedwait()会对mutex进行【解锁和执行对条件的等待】(原子操作)。这里的原子意味着:解锁和执行条件的等待
是原则的,一体的。(In this case, atomically means with respect to the mutex
andthe condition variable and other access by threads to those
objectsthrough the pthread condition variable interfaces.)-c[|0L]cfHl3r051Testing软件测试网v$V,oBe]n8W1c%c
如果等待条件满足或超时,或线程被取消,调用线程需要在线程继续执行前先自动锁住mutex,如果没有锁住mutex,产生EPERM错误。即,该函数返回时,mutex已经被调用线程锁住。/o K4j.} O8T+r'uP0
`
a:J]9Q"pg*g"J}&U0等待的时间通过abstime参数(绝对系统时间,过了该时刻就超时)指定,超时则返回ETIMEDOUT错误码。开始等待后,等待时间不受系统时钟改变的影响。zF%Q#tj`,KH|0
*P,L'Pm8Gu7K0尽管时间通过秒和纳秒指定,系统时间是毫秒粒度的。需要根据调度和优先级原因,设置的时间长度应该比预想的时间要多或者少点。可以通过使用系统时钟接口gettimeofday()获得timeval结构体。~X9|7a1c7z#bB5f0