python散点图密度颜色,如何在matplotlib中绘制以密度着色的散点图？

I'd like to make a scatter plot where each point is colored by the spatial density of nearby points.

I've come across a very similar question, which shows an example of this using R:

What's the best way to accomplish something similar in python using matplotlib?

解决方案

In addition to hist2d or hexbin as @askewchan suggested, you can use the same method that the accepted answer in the question you linked to uses.

If you want to do that:

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.stats import gaussian_kde

# Generate fake data

x = np.random.normal(size=1000)

y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=1000)

# Calculate the point density

xy = np.vstack([x,y])

z = gaussian_kde(xy)(xy)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.scatter(x, y, c=z, s=100, edgecolor='')

plt.show()

If you'd like the points to be plotted in order of density so that the densest points are always on top (similar to the linked example), just sort them by the z-values. I'm also going to use a smaller marker size here as it looks a bit better:

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.stats import gaussian_kde

# Generate fake data

x = np.random.normal(size=1000)

y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=1000)

# Calculate the point density

xy = np.vstack([x,y])

z = gaussian_kde(xy)(xy)

# Sort the points by density, so that the densest points are plotted last

idx = z.argsort()

x, y, z = x[idx], y[idx], z[idx]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.scatter(x, y, c=z, s=50, edgecolor='')

plt.show()