linux查询表字段排序,Linux命令：MySQL系列之五--SELECT单表查询、多表查询升级及删除，插入...

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-03 18:00:00 发布

张昕宇梁红

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-03 18:00:00 发布

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文章标签： linux查询表字段排序

SELECT：查询

SELECT select-list FROM tb WHERE qualification 根据标准qualification查找对应的行

查询语句类型： qualification条件 field领域 distinct独特的，没有重复的

简单查询：

多表查询：

子查询：

SELECT * FROM tb_name: 查询tb_name表的所有信息

SELECT field1,field2 FROM tb_name: 投影显示所设定的领域条目(field)，一个field就是一列

SELECT [DISTINCT] * FROM tb_name WHERE qualification；从tb_name表中选择符合条件的独特的不重复的条目。

FROM子句：表、多个表、其他SELECT语句

WHERE子句：布尔关系表达式 =、>、= 表示大于等于，小于等于，大于，小于，等于。

逻辑关系：AND(与&&) OR(或||) NOT(非!) XOR(异或)

mysql>SELECT Name,Age,Gender FROM students WHERE NOT Age>20 AND NOT Gender='M'; #选择查询年龄不大于20，且性别不是男的数据,也可以写成下面的条件

mysql> SELECT Name,Age,Gender FROM students WHERE NOT ( Age>20 OR Gender='M' );

特殊关系：BETWEEN ... AND ... 在两者之间之间。

LIKE ''

%：任意长度任意字符

_：任意单个字符

Usage: SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE 'Y%'; 查找Name字段以Y开头的数据。

SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE '%ing%';查找Name字段中必须包括ing的字段

SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE 'Y___';查找Name字段中Y后面至少跟着3个字符的

REGEXP或者RLIKE 支持正则表达式：

Usage:SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name RLIKE '^[XY].*$';

查找Name字段行首为X或Y的数据

IN离散条件的查找：

Usage: SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Age IN (18,20,25);

查找Age字段为18或20或25岁的相关数据

有空值的时候，比较：IS NULL ,NOT NULL ORDER BY ... 以...某字段升序排列

ORDER BY ... 以...某字段降序排列

Usage: SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name IS NULL;

查找Name字段为空值的数据

SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name IS NULL;

查找Name字段不为空值的数据

按照升序或者降序排列出查找的数据：ORDER BY field_name {ASC|DESC};

ASC升序排列(默认值)DESC降序排列

SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE CID IS NOT NULLORDER BY Name;

查找CID字段不为空的数据并按字段Name的升序排列；

SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE CID IS NOT NULLORDER BY Name DESC;

查找CID字段不为空的数据并按字段Name的降序排列；

字段别名：AS

Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student;

mysql> SELECT Name FROM student;

+------------+

| Name |

+------------+

| Li Lianjie |

| Cheng Long |

| Yang Guo |

| Guo Jing |

+------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student;

+--------------+

| Student_Name| AS别名为Student_Name

+--------------+

| Li Lianjie |

| Cheng Long |

| Yang Guo |

| Guo Jing |

+--------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

LIMIT子句：LIMIT [offset,]Count offset偏移多少，Count显示多少

Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 3;

查找显示Name别名为Student_Name,只显示前3个数据

Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 2,2;

查找显示Name别名为Student_Name,偏移掉前2个数据不显示，显示第2个数据后的2个数据

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 3;

+--------------+

| Student_Name |

+--------------+

| Li Lianjie |

| Cheng Long |

| Yang Guo |

+--------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 2,2;

+--------------+

| Student_Name |

+--------------+

| Yang Guo |

| Guo Jing |

+--------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

聚合运算：SUM()求和,MIN()最小值,MAX()最大值,AVG()平均值,COUNT()统计字段中相同数值的个数；

新建立一张表：

mysql> CREATE TABLE class(ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,Name CHAR(20) NOT NULL UNSIGNED, Age TINYINT NOT NULL);

mysql> INSERT INTO class (Name,Age) VALUES ('Yang Guo',22),('Guo Jing',46),('Xiao Longnv',18),('Huang Rong',40);

mysql>DESC class;

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| Age | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM class;

+----+-------------+-----+

| ID | Name | Age |

+----+-------------+-----+

| 1 | Yang Guo | 22 |

| 2 | Guo Jing | 46 |

| 3 | Xiao Longnv | 18 |

| 4 | Huang Rong | 40 |

+----+-------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUM(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| SUM(Age) |

+----------+

| 126 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>SELECT MAX(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| MAX(Age) |

+----------+

| 46 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MIN(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| MIN(Age) |

+----------+

| 18 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>SELECT AVG(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| AVG(Age) |

+----------+

| 31.5000 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

分组：GROUP BY ... HAVING qualification 根据...分组并且满足条件qualification

对于GROUP BY的条件选择需用HAVING作为条件筛选，而不是用WHERE

mysql> SELECT Age,Gender FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender; #以性别分组显示

+-----+--------+

| Age | Gender |

+-----+--------+

| 18 | F |

| 22 | M |

+-----+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(Age),Gender FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender; #求男同学和女同学的平均年龄。

+----------+--------+

| AVG(Age) | Gender |

+----------+--------+

| 29.0000 | F |

| 34.0000 | M |

+----------+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name,AVG(Age) FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender HAVING Name RLIKE 'Y.*';

#求以Gender分组的年龄平局值，且只显示以Y开头的Name字段的平均值和姓名

+----------+----------+

| Name | AVG(Age) |

+----------+----------+

| Yang Guo | 34.0000 |

+----------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SELECT用法归纳：

多表查询：

连接：

交叉连接：笛卡尔乘积 (Usag:SELECT * FROM students,course;查询students和course表的内容)

自然连接：

Usage: SELECT students.Name,courses.Course FROM students,courses WHERE students.CID1=courses.CID 查询students表和courses表CID1=CID的选项，并显示名称

外连接：

左外连接：左表 LEFT JOIN 右表 ON 条件

右外连接：左表 RIGHT JOIN 右表 ON 条件

Usage:

SELECT s.Name,c.Name FROM students AS s LEFT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;

显示左表中所有学生，并查看他们所选修的课程名称，没有选修课程的直接显示NULL

SELECT s.Name,c.Name FROM students AS s RIGHT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;

查看右表中所有选修课程，并查看有哪些学生选修了，课程没有被选修的直接显示NULL

自连接：

对于一个表自己的多个字段进行连接查询

Usage:

SELECT c.Name AS student,s.Name AS teacher FROM students AS c,students AS s WHERE

c.TID=s.SID;

查看students表中TID和SID相同的字段，并显示他们的学生名和老师名。AS取别名

子查询：

查询语句里面嵌套其他的子查询，比较操作中使用子查询，子查询只能返回单个值；

Usage: SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Age > (SELECT AVG(Age) FROM students);

查询年龄大于平均年龄的学生姓名

IN (): 使用子查询

Usage：SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Age IN(SELECT Age FROM teacheers);

查询学生年龄中与老师年龄一样的学生姓名，IN表示子查询可以是一组数值。

FROM中也可以插入子查询：

Usage：SELECT Name,Age FROM (SELECT Name,Age FROM students) AS t WHERE t.Age >= 20;

从SELECT查询的结构的表中再从中查询其他符合条件的数据

联合查询：

UNION ：把两张表连接成一张表查询显示出来

Usage: (SELECT Name,Age FROM class) UNION (SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses)

把courses表中CID和Couse字段跟class表中的Name和Age字段联合起来显示为一张表

mysql> SELECT Name,Age FROM class;

+-------------+-----+

| Name | Age |

+-------------+-----+

| Yang Guo | 22 |

| Guo Jing | 46 |

| Xiao Longnv | 18 |

| Huang Rong | 40 |

+-------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses;

+-----+-----------+

| CID | Couse |

+-----+-----------+

| 1 | physics |

| 2 | english |

| 3 | chemistry |

| 4 | maths |

+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> (SELECT Name,Age FROM class) UNION (SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses);

+-------------+-----------+

| Name | Age |

+-------------+-----------+

| Yang Guo | 22 |

| Guo Jing | 46 |

| Xiao Longnv | 18 |

| Huang Rong | 40 |

| 1 | physics |

| 2 | english |

| 3 | chemistry |

| 4 | maths |

+-------------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

实例：

1.挑选出courses表中没有被students表中的CID2学习的课程的课程名称；

msyql>SELECT Cname FROM courses WHERE CID NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT CID2 FROM students

WHERE CID2 IS NOT NULL); #SELECT DISTINCT CID2 FROM students WHERE CID2 IS NOT NULL从students表中找出CID2不为空的且不重复的行，然后从courses表中找到CID不在刚才查找的那些行

里面的Cname的值

2.找出students表中CID2有两个或者以上的同学学习了的，同一门课程的课程名称；

msyql>SELECT Cname FROM courses WHERE CID IN (SELECT CID2 FROM students GROUP

BY CID2 HAVING COUNT(CID2) >= 2); #查找一门课程至少2个同学学习，并显示课程名称。

3.显示每一个课程及其相关的老师，没有老师教授的课程将其老师显示为空；

msyql> SELECT t.Tname,c.Cname FROM teachers AS t RIGHT JOIN courses AS c ON t.CID=c.TID;

4.显示每一位老师及其所教授的课程，没有教授的课程保持为null;

msyql>SELECT t.Tname,c.Cname FROM teachers AS t LEFT JOIN courses AS c ON t.CID=c.TID;

5.显示每位同学的CID1课程名及其讲授了相关课程的老师名称；

msyql>SELECT Name,Cname,Tname FROM students,courses,teachers WHERE students.CID1=courses.CID AND courses.CID=teachers.CID;

张昕宇梁红

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linux查询表字段排序,Linux命令：MySQL系列之五--SELECT单表查询、多表查询升级及删除，插入...

SELECT：查询SELECT select-list FROM tb WHERE qualification 根据标准qualification查找对应的行查询语句类型： qualification条件 field领域 distinct独特的，没有重复的简单查询：多表查询：子查询：SELECT * FROM tb_name: 查询tb_name表的所有信息SELECT field1,fi...
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