黑盒测试是一种关注软件功能的测试方法，不考虑程序结构。它主要涉及功能测试，通过输入输出验证来确认软件正确性。由于无法穷尽所有输入组合，测试者通常选择代表性输入进行分区测试。边界值分析是关键，因为规格说明的模糊性和不完整性可能导致问题。研究焦点在于如何以最少的测试用例提高测试效率。
•Black-boxtestingTheblack-boxapproachisatestingmethodinwhichtestdataarederivedfromthespecifiedfunctionalrequirementswithoutregardtoth
•Black-boxtestingTheblack-boxapproachisatestingmethodinwhichtestdataarederivedfromthespecifiedfunctionalrequirementswithoutregardtothefinalprogramstructure.Itisalsotermeddata-driven,input/outputdriven,orrequirements-basedtesting.Becauseonlythefunctionalityofthesoftwaremoduleisofconcern,black-boxtestingalsomainlyreferstofunctionaltesting--atestingmethodemphasizedonexecutingthefunctionsandexaminationoftheirinputandoutputdata.Thetestertreatsthesoftwareundertestasablackbox--onlytheinputs,outputsandspecificationarevisible,andthefunctionalityisdeterminedbyobservingtheoutputstocorrespondinginputs.Intesting,variousinputsareexercisedandtheoutputsarecomparedagainstspecificationtovalidatethecorrectness.Alltestcasesarederivedfromthespecification.Noimplementationdetailsofthecodeareconsidered.Itisobviousthatthemorewehavecoveredintheinputspace,themoreproblemswewillfindandthereforewewillbemoreconfidentaboutthequalityofthesoftware.Ideallywewouldbetemptedtoexhaustivelytesttheinputspace.Butasstatedabove,exhaustivelytestingthecombinationsofvalidinputswillbeimpossibleformostoftheprograms,letaloneconsideringinvalidinputs,timing,sequence,andresourcevariables.Combinatorialexplosionisthemajorroadblockinfunctionaltesting.Tomakethingsworse,wecanneverbesurewhetherthespecificationiseithercorrectorcomplete.Duetolimitationsofthelanguageusedinthespecifications(usuallynaturallanguage),ambiguityisofteninevitable.Evenifweusesometypeofformalorrestrictedlanguage,wemaystillfailtowritedownallthepossiblecasesinthespecification.Sometimes,thespecificationitselfbecomesanintractab ,orisnot,whattheywantaftertheyhavebeenfinished.Specificationproblemscontributesapproximately30percentofallbugsinsoftware.Theresearchinblack-boxtestingmainlyfocusesonhowtomaximizetheeffectivenessoftestingwithminimumcost,usuallythenumberoftestcases.Itisnotpossibletoexhausttheinputspace,butitispossibletoexhaustivelytestasubsetoftheinputspace.Partitioningisoneofthecommontechniques.Ifwehavepartitionedtheinputspaceandassumealltheinputvaluesinapartitionisequivalent,thenweonlyneedtotestonerepresentativevalueineachpartitiontosufficientlycoverthewholeinputspace.Domaintestingpartitionstheinputdomainintoregions,andconsidertheinputvaluesineachdomainanequivalentclass.Domainscanbeexhaustivelytestedandcoveredbyselectingarepresentativevalue(s)ineachdomain.Boundaryvaluesareofspecialinte
展开
全部
扫一扫
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
