oracle12c 新增维护时间窗口,Oracle 12c新特性：ORACLE自动维护的Schema或默认创建的USER...

ORACLE 12c有些小特性非常的实用，如Oracle 12c New Feature: Last Login Time for Non-Sys Users，可以列出非SYS用户的最后登录时间，该数据可以做为清理用户里的依据，同时前段时间应对安全检查， 数据库中扫出了一些弱口令，需要清理一部分长期不登录的用户或找到对应的责任人才可以修改密码，以评估修改修改对系统的影响。 如果找出哪些用户是ORACLE 系统用户在12C之前还是相对麻烦一些，因为我们可能知道像sys, system这些系统默认创建的用户，其它如果安装时选用较多的DB option时，往往不容易查找自动在创建数据库里脚本中创建的哪些用户。

在12c 中dba_user 字典视图引入了ORACLE_MAINTAINED 字段， 当数据库安装options时，oracle自己创建的用户会赋值为”Y”,我们自己创建的用户默认为”N”， 所以像之前的需求在12c中就变的简单，即可以使用LAST_LOGIN判断数据库的最后一次登录，又可以使用ORACLE_MAINTAINED =’N’ 查找我们创建的用户。

同时也可以查出这些schema是否可以exp,expdp,logical standby… , 下面是在我的12.2 CDB测试环境中查询结果

SQL> SELECT created,

username,

oracle_maintained,

common,

no_exp,

no_expdp,

no_sby,

default_password,

sysaux,

occupant_desc

FROM dba_users

LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT name username, 'Y' no_expdp

FROM sys.ku_noexp_tab

WHERE obj_type = 'SCHEMA')

USING (username)

LEFT OUTER JOIN

(SELECT DISTINCT name username, 'Y' no_exp FROM sys.exu8usr)

USING (username)

LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT name username, 'Y' no_sby

FROM SYSTEM.logstdby$skip_support

WHERE action IN (0, -1))

USING (username)

LEFT OUTER JOIN

(SELECT DISTINCT user_name username, 'Y' default_password

FROM sys.default_pwd$)

USING (username)

LEFT OUTER JOIN

( SELECT schema_name username,

'Y' sysaux,

DECODE (COUNT (*), 1, MIN (occupant_desc)) occupant_desc

FROM v$sysaux_occupants

GROUP BY schema_name)

USING (username)

ORDER BY created, username;

CREATED

USER

ORACLE

MAINTAINED

COM-

MON

NO

EXP

NO

EXPDP

NO

SBY

DEF

PWD

SYS

AUX

occupant_desc

2016-12-09 20:43:28

SYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:29

AUDSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

AUDSYS schema objects

2016-12-09 20:43:29

SYSBACKUP

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:29

SYSDG

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:29

SYSKM

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:29

SYSRAC

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:29

SYSTEM

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:43:37

OUTLN

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:52:01

GSMADMIN_INTERNAL

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:52:02

GSMUSER

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:52:34

DIP

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:53:38

XS$NULL

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:53:57

REMOTE_SCHEDULER_AGENT

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:53:58

DBSFWUSER

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 20:55:20

ORACLE_OCM

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:00:10

SYS$UMF

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:04:32

DBSNMP

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Enterprise Manager Monitoring User

2016-12-09 21:04:34

APPQOSSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:05:25

GSMCATUSER

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:05:30

GGSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:08:03

ANONYMOUS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:08:03

XDB

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

XDB

2016-12-09 21:24:12

WMSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Workspace Manager

2016-12-09 21:26:42

OJVMSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:30:28

CTXSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Text

2016-12-09 21:31:47

ORDSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Multimedia ORDSYS Components

2016-12-09 21:31:48

MDSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Spatial

2016-12-09 21:31:48

ORDDATA

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Multimedia ORDDATA Components

2016-12-09 21:31:48

ORDPLUGINS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Multimedia ORDPLUGINS Components

2016-12-09 21:31:48

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

Oracle Multimedia SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA Components

2016-12-09 21:44:53

OLAPSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

Y

OLAP Catalog

2016-12-09 21:45:32

MDDATA

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:48:26

SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:55:40

LBACSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:55:59

DVF

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2016-12-09 21:55:59

DVSYS

Y

YES

Y

Y

Y

2017-04-11 17:07:21

C##ANBOB

N

YES

Y

别外也整理了一些在12c之前的版本中可能会创建的SCHEMA及用途， 如下:

User

Password

Purpose

Created by

SYS

CHANGE_ON_INSTALL or INTERNAL

Oracle Data Dictionary/ Catalog

?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq and various cat*.sql scripts

SYSTEM

MANAGER

The default DBA user name (please do not use SYS)

?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq

OUTLN

OUTLN

Stored outlines for optimizer plan stability

?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq

SCOTT

TIGER

Training/ demonstration users containing the popular EMP and DEPT tables

?/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql

ADAMS

WOOD

JONES

STEEL

CLARK

CLOTH

BLAKE

PAPER

HR (Human Resources)

HR

Training/ demonstration users containing the popular EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENTS tables

?/demo/schema/mksample.sql

OE (Order Entry)

OE

SH (Sales History)

SH

DEMO

DEMO

User for Oracle Data Browser Demonstration (last version 9.2)

?/rdbms/admin/demo.sql

ANONYMOUS

invalid password

Used by the PL/SQL gateway that enables a Web browser to invoke a PL/SQL stored procedure through an HTTP listener.

?/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql

AURORA$ORB$UNAUTHENTICATED

INVALID

Used for users who do not authenticate in Aurora/ORB

?/javavm/install/init_orb.sql called from ?/javavm/install/initjvm.sql

AWR_STAGE

AWR_STAGE

Used to load data into the AWR from a dump file

?/rdbms/admin/awrload.sql

CSMIG

User for Database Character Set Migration Utility

?/rdbms/admin/csminst.sql

CTXSYS

CTXSYS

Oracle interMedia (ConText Cartridge) administrator user

?/ctx/admin/dr0csys.sql

DBSNMP

DBSNMP

Oracle Intelligent agent

?/rdbms/admin/catsnmp.sql, called from catalog.sql

DIP

DIP

Generic user account DIP for processing events propagated by DIP. This account would be used by all applications using the DIP provisioning service when connecting to the database

?/rdbms/admin/catdip.sql, called from catproc.sql

DMSYS

DMSYS

Data Mining user

?/rdbms/admin/odmcrt.sql, called from dminst.sql

DSSYS

DSSYS

Oracle Dynamic Services and Syndication Server

?/ds/sql/dssys_init.sql

EXFSYS

User to hold the dictionary, APIs for the Expression Filter

?/rdbms/admin/exfsys.sql, called from catexf.sql from catrul.sql from catproc.sql

LBACSYS

LBACSYS

Label Based Access Control owner when Oracle Label Security (OLS) option is used

?/rdbms/admin/catlbacs.sql, called from catols.sql

MDSYS

MDSYS

Oracle Spatial administrator user

?/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

ORACLE_OCM

ORACLE_OCM

Owner of packages used by Oracle Configuration Manager

?/rdbms/admin/catocm.sql, called from dbmsocm.sql, called from catproc.sql

ORDPLUGINS

ORDPLUGINS

Object Relational Data (ORD) User used by Time Series, etc.

?/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

ORDSYS

ORDSYS

Object Relational Data (ORD) User used by Time Series, etc.

?/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

The account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard. See also ORDPLUGINS and ORDSYS.

?/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

PERFSTAT

PERFSTAT

Oracle Statistics Package (STATSPACK) that supersedes UTLBSTAT/UTLESTAT

?/rdbms/admin/statscre.sql

TRACESVR

TRACE

Oracle Trace server

?/rdbms/admin/otrcsvr.sql

TSMSYS

TSMSYS

User for Transparent Session Migration (TSM) a Grid feature

?/rdbms/admin/cattsm.sql, called from catproc.sql

XDB

Owner of objects for XDB system

?/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql

APEX_030200

Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite – (Oracle APEX, previously named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create web based applications. The account owns the Application Expressschema and metadata. See also APEX_PUBLIC_USER andFLOW_FILES.

?/apex/apexins.sql

APEX_PUBLIC_USER

FLOW_FILES

APPQOSSYS

Used for storing/managing all data and metadata required by Oracle Quality of Service Management.

?/rdbms/admin/catqos.sql

BI

The account that owns the Business Intelligence schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also HR, OE, SH, IX and PM.

?/demo/schema/bus_intelligence/bi_main.sql

IX

PM

MDDATA

The schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing Geocoder and router data. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR and MDSYS.

?/md/admin/catmd.sql

MGMT_VIEW

An account used by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. Password is randomly generated at installation or database creation time. Users do not need to know this password.

?/sysman/admin/emdrep/bin/RepManager

OLAPSYS

The account that owns the OLAP Catalog (CWMLite). This account has been deprecated, but is retained for backward compatibility.

?/olap/admin/amdsys.sql

ORDDATA

This account contains the Oracle Multimedia DICOM data model.

?/ord/admin/ordisysc.sql

OWBSYS

The account for administrating the Oracle Warehouse Builder repository. Access this account during the installation process to define the base language of the repository and to define Warehouse Builder workspaces and users. A data warehouse is a relational or multidimensional database that is designed for query and analysis. See also OWBSYS_AUDIT.

?/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql

OWBSYS_AUDIT

This account is used by the Warehouse Builder Control Center Agent to access the heterogeneous execution audit tables in the OWBSYS schema.

?/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql

SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR

The Catalog Services for the Web (CSW) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial CSW cache manager to load all record type metadata, and record instances from the database into the main memory for the record types that are cached. See also SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR, MDDATA and MDSYS.

?/md/admin/sdocswpv.sql

SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR

The Web Feature Service (WFS) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial WFS cache manager to load all feature type metadata, and feature instances from the database into main memory for the feature types that are cached. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , MDDATA and MDSYS.

?/md/admin/sdowfspv.sql

SYSMAN

The account used to perform Oracle Enterprise Manager database administration tasks. The SYS and SYSTEM accounts can also perform these tasks. Password is created at installation or database creation time.

Created as part of the dbconsole or Enterprise Manager build.

WMSYS

The account used to store the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager.

?/rdbms/admin/owmctab.plb

WKPROXY

change_on_install

Used to support Oracle’s Ultrasearch option. This feature (and user) was introduced in Oracle9i. The user account IS NOT locked by default is only assigned the “CREATE SESSION” privilege. None the less, this account is not locked by default and Oracle highly recommends that this default password be changed.

?/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql

WKSYS

change_on_install

Used to support Oracle’s Ultrasearch option. This feature (and user) was introduced in Oracle9i. The user account IS NOT locked by default and as you can see below, is granted the highly privileged role of DBA. Given that this user is granted the DBA role and is not locked by default, Oracle highly recommends that this default password be changed.

?/ultrasearch/admin/wk0install.sql

X$NULL

An internal account that represents the absence of a user in a session. Because XS$NULL is not a user, this account can only be accessed by the Oracle Database instance. XS$NULL has no privileges and no one can authenticate as XS$NULL, nor can authentication credentials ever be assigned to XS$NULL.

?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq

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