oracle随机数函数小数,Oracle中的随机函数

没事做简单看了一下Oracle随机函数的取法：

dbms_random

CREATE

OR

REPLACE

PACKAGE

SYS.dbms_random

AS

------------

--OVERVIEW

--

--This package should be installed as SYS.It generates a sequence of

--random 38-digit Oracle numbers.The expected length of the sequence

--is about power(10,28), which is hopefully long enough.

--

--------

--USAGE

--

--This is a random number generator.Do not use for cryptography.

--For more options the cryptographic toolkit should be used.

--

--By default, the package is initialized with the current user

--name, current time down to the second, and the current session.

--

--If this package is seeded twice with the same seed, then accessed

--in the same way, it will produce the same results in both cases.

--

--------

--EXAMPLES

--

--To initialize or reset the generator, call the seed procedure as in:

--execute dbms_random.seed(12345678);

--or

--execute dbms_random.seed(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));

--To get the random number, simply call the function, e.g.

--my_random_number BINARY_INTEGER;

--my_random_number := dbms_random.random;

--or

--my_random_real NUMBER;

--my_random_real := dbms_random.value;

--To use in SQL statements:

--select dbms_random.value from dual;

--insert into a values (dbms_random.value);

--variable x NUMBER;

--execute :x := dbms_random.value;

--update a set a2=a2+1 where a1 < :x;

-- Seed with a binary integer

PROCEDURE

seed(val

IN

BINARY_INTEGER

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(seed,

WNDS

);

-- Seed with a string (up to length 2000)

PROCEDURE

seed(val

IN

VARCHAR2

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(seed,

WNDS

);

-- Get a random 38-digit precision number, 0.0 <= value < 1.0

FUNCTION

value

RETURN

NUMBER

;

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(

value

,

WNDS

);

-- get a random Oracle number x, low <= x < high

FUNCTION

value

(low

IN

NUMBER

, high

IN

NUMBER

)

RETURN

NUMBER

;

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(

value

,

WNDS

);

-- get a random number from a normal distribution

FUNCTION

normal

RETURN

NUMBER

;

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(normal,

WNDS

);

-- get a random string

FUNCTION

string

(opt

char

, len

NUMBER

)

/* "opt" specifies that the returned string may contain:

'u','U':upper case alpha characters only

'l','L':lower case alpha characters only

'a','A':alpha characters only (mixed case)

'x','X':any alpha-numeric characters (upper)

'p','P':any printable characters

*/

RETURN

VARCHAR2

;

-- string of characters (max 60)

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(

string

,

WNDS

);

-- Obsolete, just calls seed(val)

PROCEDURE

initialize(val

IN

BINARY_INTEGER

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(initialize,

WNDS

);

-- Obsolete, get integer in ( -power(2,31) <= random < power(2,31) )

FUNCTION

random

RETURN

BINARY_INTEGER

;

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(random,

WNDS

);

-- Obsolete, does nothing

PROCEDURE

terminate;

TYPE

num_array

IS

TABLE

OF

NUMBER

INDEX

BY

BINARY_INTEGER

;

END

dbms_random;

简单得说，通过dbms_random包调用随机数的方法大致有4种：

1、dbms_random.normal

这个函数不带参数，能返回normal distribution的一个number类型，所以基本上随机数会在-1到1之间。

简单测试了一下，产生100000次最大能到5左右：

SQL> declare

2    i number:=0;

3    j number:=0;

4  begin

5    for k in 1 .. 100000 loop

6    i:= dbms_random.normal;

7      if i > j

8        then j:=i;

9      end if;

10    end loop;

11    dbms_output.put_line(j);

12  end;

13  /

5.15325081797418404136433867107468983182

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

2、dbms_random.random

这个也没有参数，返回一个从-power(2,31)到power(2,31)的整数值

3、dbms_random.value

这个函数分为两种，一种是没有参数，则直接返回0-1之间的38位小数

SQL

> column value format 9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999

SQL

> select dbms_random.value from dual;

VALUE

-----------------------------------------

.58983014999643548701631750396301271752

第二种是加上两个参数a、b，则返回值在a、b之间的38位小数

SQL> column value format 999.999999999999999999999999999999999999

SQL> select dbms_random.value(100,500) value from dual;

VALUE

-----------------------------------------

412.150194612502916808701157054098274240

注意：无论前面几位，小数点之后都是38位

4、dbms_random.string

这个函数必须带有两个参数，前面的字符指定类型，后面的数值指定位数(最大60)

类型说明：

'u','U':upper case alpha characters only

'l','L':lower case alpha characters only

'a','A':alpha characters only (mixed case)

'x','X':any alpha-numeric characters (upper)

'p','P':any printable characters

SQL> column value format a30

SQL> select dbms_random.string('u',30) value from dual;

VALUE

------------------------------

VTQNLGISELPXEDBXKUZLXKBAJMUTIA

SQL> select dbms_random.string('l',30) value from dual;

VALUE

------------------------------

uqygsbquingfqdytpgjvdoblxeglgu

SQL> select dbms_random.string('a',30) value from dual;

VALUE

------------------------------

NGTGkQypuSWhBfcrHiOlQwOUXkqJjy

SQL> select dbms_random.string('x',30) value from dual;

VALUE

------------------------------

UVWONYJMXT31VEFPD736WJCJ5QT6BD

SQL> select dbms_random.string('p',30) value from dual;

VALUE

------------------------------

:mak$(WT4M_7c/+f[_XUscf$P Zcq{

5、关于seed

可以设置seed来确定随机数的起始点，对于相同的seed而言，随机数的任意一次变化都将是确定的。

就是说，如果在某一时刻调用了seed，之后第一次产生的随机数是4，第二次是6，第三次是1，那么当你再次调用相同的seed之后，一次产生的随机数还是4、6、1

seed有两种，一种是数值型的，一种是字符型(最大长度2000)的

-- Seed with a binary integer

PROCEDURE

seed(val

IN

BINARY_INTEGER

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(seed,

WNDS

);

-- Seed with a string (up to length 2000)

PROCEDURE

seed(val

IN

VARCHAR2

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(seed,

WNDS

);

6、关于initialize

一个integer参数，注释说的很清楚了：

-- Obsolete, just calls seed(val)

PROCEDURE

initialize(val

IN

BINARY_INTEGER

);

PRAGMA

restrict_references

(initialize,

WNDS

);

sys_guid()