摘 要
机器人及其视觉在21世纪初得到极大发展,随着计算机技术发展,嵌入式硬件标准得以确立,使得廉价的智能机器人替代人类工作成为现实可能,并走出实验室进入产业实用领域。
本文探索一种为大规模应用设计的机器人三维视觉方案,将机器人视觉成本压缩到得以大量投入劳动密集型产业中,并最终获得取代人类尤其从事海底矿产开发和采集。应用激光器进行三维扫描和地形跟踪并通过CCD检测传感器采集处理,使机器人可以获得完整统一的高质量三维地形地物信息,并进行共享。
本设计应用六足机器人平台和MATLAB软件进行机器人算法和平台设计,完成初步实验,采集三维激光线信息并进行三角定位运算和机器人运动控制。进一步完善可用于集群机器人海底采矿等应用。
关键词:激光雷达,机器人视觉,MATLAB,海底机器人
Abstract
Robot and its vision in the early 2000s have been greatly developed, with the development of computer technology, embedded hardware standards can be established, making the low-cost alternative to human intelligent robots work may become a reality, and out of the lab into the industrial and practical fields.This article explores the way for large-scale three-dimensional robot vision application design program that will cost robot vision to be compressed into a large number of labor-intensive industries, and ultimately replace humans, especially in the seabed mineral development and acquisition. Application of laser scanning and three-dimensional terrain track and by the CCD sensor acquisition and processing, so that the robot can get a complete and unified high quality three-dimensional terrain information and to share.The six-legged robot platform design applications and MATLAB algorithms and software for robotic platform design, completion of the preliminary experiments, collect information and conduct three-dimensional laser line triangulation calculations and robot motion control. Clusters can be used to further improve the robot seabed mining applications.
Key words: Laser Radar,Robotic Vision,MATKAB,Marine Robot
目 录
摘 要I
AbstractII
1. 绪论1
1.1 机器人视觉的现状及前景1
1.2 论文研究的总体方案1
1.2.1 线激光三维扫描2
1.2.2 六足机器人4
1.3 海底机器人说明5
1.4 论文的主要内容及研究方法6
2. 视觉方案总体设计7
2.1 系统设计的理论依据7
2.1.1 三角计算7
2.1.2 六足机器人运动9
2.2 本系统的技术细节和改进10
2.2.1 线激光及其工作原理10
2.2.2 摄像头及矫正标定11
2.3 图像处理和检测15
2.3.1 matlab图像处理功能15
2.3.2 串口通信和舵机驱动16
2.4 本章小结17
3. 实验平台的设计18
3.1 电源部分的设计18
3.1.1 电池部分18
3.1.2 DC-DC模块20
3.2 机械运动部分21
3.2.1 舵机选择和安装21
3.2.2